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- Title
- OPTIMAL SIGNAL TIMING DESIGN FOR URBAN STREET NETWORKS UNDER USER EQUILIBRIUM BASED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
- Creator
- Liu, Yi
- Date
- 2015, 2015-05
- Description
-
In the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and...
Show moreIn the ever-growing travel demand, traffic congestion on freeways and expressways recurs more frequently at a higher number of locations and for longer durations with added severity. This becomes especially true in large metropolitan areas. Particular to the urban areas, excessive crowdedness caused by inefficient traffic control also results in urban street networks operating in near or over-saturated conditions, leading to unpleasant travel experience due to long delays at intersections. As a consequence, the recurrent traffic congestion on roadway segments and vehicle delays at intersections inevitably compromise energy efficiency, traffic mobility improvement, safety enhancement, and environmental impacts mitigation. All too often, neither restraining travel demand nor expanding system capacity is desirable and practical. Conversely, effectively utilizing the capacity of the existing transportation system has been increasingly thought of as the solution to congestion relief. With respect to the urban street networks, developing effective means for urban intersection signal optimization becomes essential to reduce intersection delays. Conventional signal timing optimization methods use historical traffic data and assume that traffic flows will remains unchanged after the implementation of new signal timing plans. Traffic flows are assumed to be constant, but in fact, when signal timing plans change, travel times for some travel routes will alter, which requires drivers in the network to adjust their choice of travel routes to arrive at the destinations, and result in redistribution of traffic in the network. Therefore, the effects of interactions between signal timing plans and traffic flows need to be explicitly taken into consideration. This study introduces a new methodology that jointly considers signal timing optimization and traffic assignment in an overall analytical framework that contains model formulations under assumptions consistent with real world situations. Such a framework is well suited for applications in real world cases. Specifically, the overall optimization framework is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem. In the proposed basic model, at the upper level, a traffic signal timing optimization problem for urban network is introduced to minimize system total travel time by optimizing signal green splits. At the lower level, a static user equilibrium problem is formulated for networkwide traffic assignment. In the vehicle delay estimation, the time-dependent stochastic delay model in the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010) is employed and formulated as Variational Inequality constraints, what allow the state-of-the-art MPEC solver, GAMS/NLPEC, to solve the problem for a local optimal effectively and efficiently. The bi-level optimization model is first tested using a small network (the test network) and a computational experiment using a subarea network in the Chicago central district is conducted to assess the practicality of the model formulation in real world applications. In order to import more reality to the basic model and also consider the potential system benefit that comes from different signal phasing design, an enhanced model is developed based on the basic model by employing integer and binary variables. Formulating the problem with binary variables allows for the selection of proper phasing design. Heuristic solution methods are proposed and tested using the test network.
Ph.D. in Civil Engineering, May 2015
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- Title
- DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE KIRIE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT MODEL
- Creator
- Mendez, Thomas E.
- Date
- 2012-07-15, 2012-07
- Description
-
The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) is tasked with protecting the public’s water supply and improving the...
Show moreThe Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) is tasked with protecting the public’s water supply and improving the quality of water in their service area’s watercourses. Principal in this mission are the seven wastewater treatment plants that are operated by MWRDGC. The greater Chicago area possesses a combined sewer system (CSS) that combines sanitary sewage and stormwater runoff. Because of this CSS, water reclamation plants are burdened with not only processing sewage and sanitary waste, but also stormwater runoff. As a result there can be a large variation in water quality and quantity. MWRDGC’s newest water reclamation plant is the James C. Kirie Water Reclamation Plant, which was completed in 1980. This plant operates as a nitrification plant with no separate distinct denitrification process. It is important to note that no clearly defined unit processes such as nitrification towers are utilized at the Kirie Water Reclamation Plant. Nitrification occurs primarily in the aeration basins and is currently sufficient to meet water quality standards. However, because of the current regulatory climate, stricter standards on effluent discharge are likely in the near future especially with respect to nutrients. Stricter standards on total nitrogen in effluent instead of the current ammonia limits are one such expected water quality change. As a result of this expectation, modeling modifications and processes at a treatment plant can be a key tool in adjusting to evolving standards. Because water reclamation plants vary greatly depending on their technology, influent and processes, computer modeling provides a convenient way to assess how the plant will react to dynamic changes in influent quality and still be able to meet static effluent standards. Although computer modeling has been applied to water reclamation plants for some time now, there are no clearly defined or accepted protocols for this modeling. Combined with the variation exhibited by various types of water reclamation plants, often modeling protocols must be custom created for individual plants or types of plants. What follows is a study and simulation of the Kirie Water Reclamation Plant. Simulation was used to examine wet weather events at the Kirie Water Reclamation Plant. Wet weather phenomena were explored in step-wise manner to determine the relative effects of different perturbations in influent water quality and quantity. The results show the various effects in effluent quality depending upon the variable or combination of variables deviated. Deviations in temperature and flow dominate all other variations simulated and result in the largest effect on effluent water quality. Deviations of 50% to both temperature and flow simultaneously yielded an increase in effluent BOD and NH3 at twice and six times the steady state values, respectively.
M.S. in Environmental Engineering, July 2012
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- Title
- Urban Hybrid House
- Creator
- Machado, Beatriz Ferreira Pinto
- Date
- 5/4/2011, 2011-05
- Description
-
The aim of this project is to develop a cluster of hybrid houses in Evanston designed to produce energy and reduce resources consumption in...
Show moreThe aim of this project is to develop a cluster of hybrid houses in Evanston designed to produce energy and reduce resources consumption in comparison to the houses surrounding it. The project goals are to demonstrate performance improvement. Maximize sun exposure and the interaction between the houses and its gardens. To raise awareness that it is possible to live in a more environmentally friendly unit without hardship is another purpose of the project.
Sponsorship: Denison, Dirk
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- Title
- Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (sequence unknown), IPRO 324 - Deliverables: IPRO 324 Poster F09
- Creator
- Adrianzen, Luis, Allen, Ross, Antonio, Chris, Callan, Mark, Claxton, Sara, Diesse, Patrick, Gaylord, Matthew, Herbert, Greg, Shaffer, Dan, Wegrzyn, Celeste
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The goal of the IPRO is to try to find an inexpensive, but accurate way of measuring the power output of a rider on a bicycle. Problems with...
Show moreThe goal of the IPRO is to try to find an inexpensive, but accurate way of measuring the power output of a rider on a bicycle. Problems with systems currently available are: some products are not compatible with all bike systems causing the need to purchase new parts, the cost of the available products is expensive, and some of the available measuring systems are not very accurate.
Deliverables for IPRO 324: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution for the fall 2009 semester
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- Title
- DISRUPTION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES USING TARGETED MULTI-SITE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
- Creator
- Sobayo, Tiwalade
- Date
- 2015, 2015-12
- Description
-
Neuronal populations in the brain achieve levels of synchronous electrophysiological activity during both normal brain function and...
Show moreNeuronal populations in the brain achieve levels of synchronous electrophysiological activity during both normal brain function and pathological states such as epileptic seizures. Understanding how the dynamics of neuronal oscillators in the brain evolve from normal to diseased states is a critical component towards decoding such complex behaviors. In my studies, I assessed multi-site dynamics underlying seizure evolution in limbic epilepsy by analyzing oscillators in recordings of local field potentials from three brain structures (bilateral hippocampi and anteromedial thalamus) in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy extracted using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. The analysis revealed patterns of multi-site phase coherence during initiation and termination phases of seizures. The multi-site synchrony events as seizures naturally terminated were used to model electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) protocols aimed at stopping ongoing epileptic seizures. The location and frequency of the natural termination synchrony varied between subjects but was stable in time within each animal. My studies reveal that DBS protocols were significantly more effective at rapidly stopping seizures when the frequency and location of multi-site stimulation reflected the endogenous synchrony dynamics observed in each subject. These results strongly suggest that tailoring DBS protocols to individual endogenous rhythms that may represent how brains naturally resolve epileptic seizures could play a critical role in vastly improving the overall efficacy of this important therapy.
Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering, December 2015
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- Title
- SYSTEM-ON-CHIP ARCHITECTURES FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICAnONS
- Creator
- Niu, Sufeng
- Date
- 2012-04-30, 2012-05
- Description
-
System-On-Chip (SOC) is one of the most popular Computer Aided Design (CAD) methodologies in electronic system design. In this research, SOC...
Show moreSystem-On-Chip (SOC) is one of the most popular Computer Aided Design (CAD) methodologies in electronic system design. In this research, SOC design is investigated in two different types of applications: i) low cost and power efficient applications; and ii) high performance computing applications. To explore low cost and power efficient design, a microcontroller based wireless medical system is investigated. Two wireless communication protocols for medical applications and patient monitoring are analyzed. In addition, the ZigBee stack developed by TI and a medical amplifier are discussed. For high performance SOC applications, implementations of several matrix operations are examined. An improved fixed-point hardware design of QR decomposition is introduced and optimized for Xilinx FPGAs. A Givens Rotation algorithm is implemented using a folded systolic array and the CORDIC algorithm. This approach is highly suitable for high-speed FPGAs or ASIC designs. It is found that the Xilinx XC5VLX110T FPGA is capable of running the QR decomposition at 246MHz.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, May 2012
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- Title
- OPTIMAL BIDDING STRATEGY FOR HYDRO UNIT
- Creator
- Zhu, Renchen
- Date
- 2013-04-30, 2013-05
- Description
-
The bidding price for the renewable energy is very different from some traditional energy, like gas, coal and so on, because when we produced...
Show moreThe bidding price for the renewable energy is very different from some traditional energy, like gas, coal and so on, because when we produced the renewable energy, the only cost is the generator unit cost, for example, wind power, water power and so on. People never need to pay the fuel price for the solar, water or wind. So here come one question how can we decide the energy price for these power. As we all know, the bidding price decided the profit for the generating company. Nowadays, more and more researches have been done in this field for every company want a good price to earn the highest profit. But for the renewable energy, they are different from the traditional energy which price is determined by the fuel price. So how to decide the bidding price of the renewable energy will be a good topic and question for us. To solve this problem, I will try to use an idea called minimum the imbalance in order to maximum the profit for those owners. This idea first has been applied in the wind unit. For my thesis, I will apply this idea to the hydro unit both with the storage and without storage. For each part, I will use some data to test. By these testing, the result will show this bidding strategy will be better.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, May 2013
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- Title
- High Performance Green Homes (sequence unknown), IPRO 317 - Deliverables: IPRO 317 Poster F09
- Creator
- Bhat, Adnan, Campbell, Brittanie, Cink, Jefferey, Gutstein, Yehuda, Hadi, Shuaib, Hafdi, Kamal, Hasan, Hasan, Kenig, Elezar, Lipski, Brian, Lollino, Luca, Margolis, Jordan, Nigamatzyanov, Tagir, Patel, Hiren, Patel, Neal, Shehada, Hazem, Toops, Melissa, Trauner, Crystal, Zgourdah, Mourad
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The purpose of this project is to show how a team committed to helping people help save the world can leapfrog today's best designs. As...
Show moreThe purpose of this project is to show how a team committed to helping people help save the world can leapfrog today's best designs. As opposed to the tradition of minimum design standards that just meeting the building code, highest practical design standards are the focus. True sustainability is the goal of this project, including; Zero Carbon Emissions, Net Zero Energy, 100% Solar Power, 10 times the traditional design life, 1/10th the maintenance, rot proof, termite proof, fire proof, hurricane and earthquake resistant. The project team, using cutting edge technology, will develop all aspects of a start-up design and build company to promote High Performance Green Homes. This project will provide a great opportunity for IIT students to experience a challenging and interesting project and to significantly contribute to a better world.
Sponsorship: Jimmy Eng
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- Title
- THERMODYNAMICS AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA OF HEUSLER ALLOYS
- Creator
- Chung, Yoonsung
- Date
- 2011-09, 2011-07
- Description
-
Heusler compounds are of great interest for their properties such as shape memory, thermoelectric, ferromagnetic and spin polarization effects...
Show moreHeusler compounds are of great interest for their properties such as shape memory, thermoelectric, ferromagnetic and spin polarization effects that could lead to new mechanical and electronic devices. Currently, the study of Heusler alloys is focused on their electronic and magnetic properties, but the high temperature thermodynamic properties of these compounds have not been covered as much. A thorough knowledge of the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria is required for developing this kind of alloys. This thesis is part of a systematic investigation of the thermodynamics and phase equilibria of ternary Heusler alloy systems. In this work, the high temperature reaction calorimeter was used to obtain the standard enthalpy of formation of compounds in the Ni2XSn (X = Ti, Zr, Hf, V and Nb) and Ni2TiX (X = Ga and In) ternary systems. It was confirmed the compound Ni2TaSn does not exist in the Heusler structure A Setaram Ligne 96 drop calorimeter was used to measure the heat content of Ni2TiSn as a function of temperature. Phase equilibria and crystal structures of Ni2TiSn, Ni2TiGa and Ni2TiIn were determined using XRD, SEM and EDS.
M.S. in Materials Science & Engineering, July 2011
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- Title
- Orthotics and Prosthetics in Latin America (sequence unknown), IPRO 309 - Deliverables: IPRO 309 Final Report F09
- Creator
- Ashley, Trevor, Claxton, Matt, Conover, Stephen, Gotanco, Francis, Mathai, Alexander, Nizich, Adam, Park, Yong, Quikr, Kerry, Ray, Monmayuri, Vasquez, Raul
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The overall goal of our IPRO team is to create a program for delivering orthotics and prosthetics that is sustainable. This will be...
Show moreThe overall goal of our IPRO team is to create a program for delivering orthotics and prosthetics that is sustainable. This will be accomplished by improving the quality of the product by increasing availability of funding, improving cost effectiveness of prosthetics, and promoting awareness of treatment available.
Deliverables for IPRO 309: Orthotics and Prosthetics in Latin America for the fall 2009 semester.
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- Title
- Finding Uses for Alternative Fuels in Intermodal Transportation Hubs (sequence unknown), IPRO 307 - Deliverables: IPRO 307 Midterm Presentation F09
- Creator
- Balakirev, Konstantin, Beau‐luby, Ryan, Bouikidis, John, Cargill, Matthew, Dziuba, David, Kehoe, Matthew, Slonski, Bryan, Tesfaye, Melat, Wiese, Matthew, Wiseman, Christopher, Zook, Joel
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
Chicago, being the third largest freight hub in the world, needs an efficient movement of goods for the increasing freight shipments.
Sponsorsh...
Show moreChicago, being the third largest freight hub in the world, needs an efficient movement of goods for the increasing freight shipments.
Sponsorship: Mi-Jack
Deliverables for IPRO 307: Finding Uses for Alternative Fuels in Intermodal Transportation Hubs for the fall 2009 semester.
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- Title
- Innovative Mapping (sequence unknown), IPRO 303 - Deliverables: IPRO 303 Final Report F09
- Creator
- Komoroski, Aaron, Mora, Andres, Sarraf, Basel, Kemp, Brandon, Duong, Cindy, Woodward, Frank, Suwada, Jerry, Michael, Mark, Sinha, Piyush, Glover, Richard, Mandrekar, Urba
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The team worked to target the majority of mobile device users and give them an outlet to report any changes, mistakes or developments that...
Show moreThe team worked to target the majority of mobile device users and give them an outlet to report any changes, mistakes or developments that have been overlooked by NAVTEQ in the company's mobile mapping solutions. The team also worked to develop a solution that enables the average map user – men and women ages 18-35, students and tourists – to address these alterations in a simple, hassle-free way.
Sponsorship: NAVTEQ
Deliverables for IPRO 303: Innovative Mapping for the fall 2009 semester.
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- Title
- ISOLATION OF MONOSPECIFIC ANTIBODY AGAINST SPLICED VARIANT OF DYSTROPHIN PROTEIN USING YEAST SURFACE DISPLAY TECHNIQUE
- Creator
- Saraswathi, Raj Prabu Vijayakumar
- Date
- 2011-05-04, 2011-05
- Description
-
Dystrophin gene is the largest in the human genome with 79 exons covering greater than 0.1% of the total genome, located on the Xp21 locus of...
Show moreDystrophin gene is the largest in the human genome with 79 exons covering greater than 0.1% of the total genome, located on the Xp21 locus of the “X” chromosome resulting in a 427kDa protein, “Dystrophin”. Dystrophin is an important cytoskeletal protein which belongs to the β-Spectrin/α-actinin family of proteins. It comprises of an amino terminal domain, alpha helical coiled structure COOH domain, central rod region with 24 STRs and four proline rich hinge regions. It plays a vital role in localizing the Dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) in the Sarcollema and is associated with the DGC in controlling the signaling events of certain proteins associated with DGC. The large size of the gene makes it more vulnerable to mutations resulting in partially functional or non-functional Dystrophin. The absence of Dystrophin results in disruption of sub sarcolemma-extracellular matrix linkage, loss of nitric oxide, progressive muscle weakening and muscle wasting leading to the death of patients typically before the end of their teenage. In certain cases alternatively spliced isoforms produce Dystrophin with reduced length yet stable and completely functionality. The main focus of this project was to select monospecific antibody against the more stable alternatively spliced variant D14 (15”16”) 17, which is functional and more stable compared to unspliced parent D14:17. The yeast surface display technique was used to effectively screen and select the yeast scFv clones containing the monospecific antibody against our target spliced variant D14 (15”16”) 17 protein and D2:3. The yeast scFv sub population was enriched by repeated MACS and FACS selection. Test colonies picked from the enriched scFv pool were confirmed via PCR and restriction digestion analysis. The scFv for the respective antigens were then sub cloned into pPnnl-9 secretion vector using YVH10 yeast cells via LiTRAFCO method. It was clear that by repeated MACS and FACS selection the scFv pool can be enriched and the yeast scFv clone sub population can be reduced to a significant level. The scFv sub cloned into Pnnl-9 secretion vector can be purified using affinity chromatography and the further affinity and avidity studies can be conducted.
M.S. in Biology, May 2011
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- Title
- Devices that Assist Blind & Visually-Impaired Individuals in Swimming and Other Exercise Activities (sequence unknown), IPRO 310 - Deliverables: IPRO 310 Brochure F09
- Creator
- Dykeman, Kimberly, Healton, Michaela, Lipman, Timothy, Ludwig, Ross, Park, Jay, Reilly, Jeffrey, Sarkar, Smita, Sirk, Phillip, Toro, Branden
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The objective is to develop, test, and implement assistive technology with the community that promotes safety and improves independence of...
Show moreThe objective is to develop, test, and implement assistive technology with the community that promotes safety and improves independence of blind and visually impaired (BVI) swimmers.
Sponsorship: Chicago Lighthouse for the Blind & Visually-Impaired. Notre Dame University
Deliverables for IPRO 310:Devices that Assist Blind & Visually-Impaired Individuals in Swimming and Other Exercise Activities for the fall 2009 semester.
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- Title
- Multivariable MPC system performance assessment, monitoring, and diagnosis
- Creator
- Schaffer, J., Cinar, A.
- Date
- 2004-03
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCI LTD
- Description
-
This study focuses on performance assessment and monitoring of model predictive control systems. A methodology is proposed to determine a...
Show moreThis study focuses on performance assessment and monitoring of model predictive control systems. A methodology is proposed to determine a benchmark and monitor model predictive control performance on-line. A performance measure based on the ratio of historical and achieved performance is used for monitoring and a ratio of design and achieved performance is used for diagnosis. Performance monitoring and diagnosis of causes for poor performance are integrated. A real-time knowledge-based system is developed to supervise monitoring and diagnosis activities. Case studies with linear and nonlinear models of an evaporator illustrate the methodology and limitations of linearity assumptions.
Endnote format citation for DOI:10.1016/j.jprocont.2003.07.003
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- Title
- L2E ESTIMATOR FOR THE CATEGORICAL MODEL WITH ELASTIC NET PENALTY
- Creator
- Wang, Yuan
- Date
- 2017, 2017-07
- Description
-
The logistic regression model is an important generalized linear model for the categorical data. The maximum likelihood estimation is mostly...
Show moreThe logistic regression model is an important generalized linear model for the categorical data. The maximum likelihood estimation is mostly used in estimating the parameters of the logistic regression model. However, the maximum likelihood estimation is very sensitive to outliers which will cause the inaccuracies of the fitted parameters and model selection in high-dimensional regression. Chi and Scott (2014) demonstrated by simulation that minimizing the integrated square error or L2 estimation (L2E) is a robust method to fit 2-class categorical models. They also showed that the L2E estimation method can select the right model even in the presence of many outliers in high dimensional scenarios. In my thesis, I extended the L2E estimation method from 2-class to 3-class based on the MM algorithm by Chi and Scott (2014). Then I demonstrated the properties above for 2-class categorical models are also applicable to 3-class ones.
M.S. in Applied Mathematics, July 2017
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- Title
- Multivariate statistical methods for monitoring continuous processes: Assessment of discrimination power of disturbance models and diagnosis of multiple disturbances
- Creator
- Raich, A. C., Cinar, A.
- Date
- 1995-11
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Description
-
A new methodology was reported [1,2] for integrated use of principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis in order to determine...
Show moreA new methodology was reported [1,2] for integrated use of principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis in order to determine out-of-control status of a continuous process and to diagnose the source causes for abnormal behavior. Most of the disturbances were identified with good rates of success, with a higher success rate for step or ramp type of disturbances. Quantitative tools that evaluate overlap and similarity between high-dimensional PCA models are proposed in this communication, and their implications on determining the discrimination power of PCA models of processes operating under disturbances are discussed. Diagnosis of several disturbances occurring simultaneously is also investigated. The criterion developed provide upper limits of discrimination power of various single and multiple process disturbances. The techniques developed are illustrated by assessing the process described by the Tennessee Eastman Control Challenge problem [3].
Endnote format citation
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- Title
- PARAMETRIC IMAGE ESTIMATION IN ANALYZER-BASED PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING
- Creator
- Caudevilla, Oriol
- Date
- 2014, 2014-07
- Description
-
Since the discovery of X-rays, by W.E. Roentgen in 1895, absorption-contrast imaging has been widely used in medical diagnostic, for example:...
Show moreSince the discovery of X-rays, by W.E. Roentgen in 1895, absorption-contrast imaging has been widely used in medical diagnostic, for example: mammography, chest X-ray, angiography etc. Over the last 25 years many researchers have shown that phase-contrast X-ray imaging is capable of obtaining a better contrast then classical absorption-contrast imaging. This is especially true in soft tissue imaging like mammography or at higher Xrays energies. During the past five years a significant effort has made in development of a tabletop analyzer-based phase-contrast system. In this system a perfect crystal is used to generate a quasi-monochromatic beam, which after interacting with an object is analyzed by a second perfect crystal called analyzer. The need of quasi-monochromatic beam and the low brilliance of conventional X-ray sources (CXS) has been the major limiting factor for tabletop systems. The work presents in this thesis aims to develop novel reconstruction methods for tabletop analyzer-based phase-contrast imaging (ABI) systems. The presented reconstruction methods goal is to minimize the impact of CXS low brilliance by utilizing phase-contrast image formation model and maximum or maximum-a-posteriori Poisson likelihood approach. Finally, a fast-convergent conjugate gradient optimization algorithm has been derived specifically for Poisson likelihood function maximization.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, July 2014
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- Title
- An Alternative Car Show: An Alternateive Vehicle Insfrastructure
- Creator
- Hopkins, Kyle
- Date
- 2010-07-29
- Title
- NEUTRON PRODUCTION IN THE M2 MUON BEAM LINE AT CERN
- Creator
- Draeger, Emily
- Date
- 2014, 2014-05
- Description
-
Spallation neutrons produced from cosmic ray muons are a major source of backgrounds in underground physics experiments. Experiments have been...
Show moreSpallation neutrons produced from cosmic ray muons are a major source of backgrounds in underground physics experiments. Experiments have been done to study spallation neutron production and yield, but our understanding of these processes is still limited. There are various interactions that can produce spallation neutrons. Most of these production mechanisms are fairly well understood; much of the uncertainty in our understanding of spallation neutrons lies in mechanisms such as virtual photon exchange and the assumptions used to calculate the photonuclear cross section. Even the experiments that have been carried out do not agree with each other or theoretical calculations. Spallation neutron production mechanisms are discussed, as well as a new experiment to study spallation neutrons. The impact of this study on current and future underground physics experiments is also explored.
PH.D in Physics, May 2014
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