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Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
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Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
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Title: RECEIVER AUTONOMOUS INTEGRITY MONITORING AGAINST ORBIT EPHEMERIS FAULTS IN CARRIER PHASE DIFFERENTIAL GPS
Creator: Stevanovic, Stefan
Date: 2013-04-18, 2013-05
Description: This work investigates the potential of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to enable a safe approach for rendezvous applications including...
Show moreThis work investigates the potential of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to enable a safe approach for rendezvous applications including shipboard landing of military aircraft. GPS has been shown to have the necessary accuracy for such an operation, and could potentially replace the existing radar or laser based systems. [Kha08][WPF08]1 However, to ensure safe operation, GPS must also be able to avoid hazardous situations. Shipboard aircraft approach navigation is an example rendezvous application requiring both high accuracy and high integrity. In this work, GPS measurement error models and orbit ephemeris fault (OEF) detection algorithms are developed for rendezvous applications, and performance is analyzed for the aircraft shipboard landing application. Both reference station and user based monitors can be used for orbit ephemeris fault detection. The available reference monitors either require a stationary reference receiver, or cannot protect against all types of orbit ephemeris faults. As an alternative, this work develops and investigates the use of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), which is user-based. Two contrasting algorithms, differential RAIM (DRAIM) and relative RAIM (RRAIM) are derived and analyzed for a realistic shipboard landing application. DRAIM is most effective when the aircraft first begins the approach. On the other hand, RRAIM performs best near the end of the approach. Assessing integrity risk is shown to be a major challenge for the RRAIM algorithm. Thus, a new unified RAIM (URAIM) concept is introduced. It seamlessly integrates DRAIM and RRAIM into a single detection algorithm, and also facilitates integrity risk evaluation. This is because the URAIM measurement equation can be used for both position estimation as well as fault detection. 1Corresponding to references in the Bibliography. xii Since high accuracy is desired, fixing integer cycle ambiguities is required. The Enforced Position-Domain Integrity-Risk Cycle Resolution Algorithm (EPIC) method of integrity risk bounding is used along with the URAIM fault detection algorithm in what we call the EPIC-URAIM algorithm. In general, the OEF will interfere with the cycle resolution process. In this work, the EPIC integrity risk bound formula is modified to account for the presence of an OEF. The EPIC-URAIM algorithm is simulated for 1507 sea-based locations around the globe. An average global availability of accuracy and integrity of 98.6% is achieved. This work illustrates the feasibility of detecting orbit ephemeris faults with integrity, while simultaneously meeting stringent accuracy requirements for real-time rendezvous navigation applications.
M.S. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, May 2013
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Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324FinalReportSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
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Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324ProjectPlanSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
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Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304FinalPresentationSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324Poster2Sp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304PosterSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304BrochureSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304FinalReportSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304ProjectPlanSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324FinalPresentationSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324Poster1Sp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324MidTermPresentationSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324EthicsSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Integration of Process Improvements (Semester Unknown) IPRO 304: IntegrationOfProcessImprovementsIPRO304MidTermPresentationSp10
Creator: Flores, Emmanuel, Hawker, Corey, Loeppert, Charles, Marx, Ryan, Pollack, Richard, Rodriguez, Ricardo, Snyder, David, Stevanovic, Stefan, Willett, Joshua
Date: 2010, 2010-05
Description: During the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is...
Show moreDuring the milling operations at an industrial steel producer like A. Finkl & Sons (Chicago, IL), a substantial amount of time and money is lost due to the fact that cutting inserts break catastrophically and without warning. The goal of this project is to devise an effective means by which a cutting insert breakage event can be quickly and reliably detected, thereby minimizing damage to the steel and other cutting inserts, and also freeing technicians to attend multiple machines at a time. This increases the productivity of their operations, and it has the potential to save A. Finkl & Sons substantial costs per year in time lost in rework and prematurely broken cutting inserts.
Sponsorship: A. Finkl & Sons
Deliverables
Show less

Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (Semester Unknown) IPRO 324: PowerMeasurementsForRoadBicyclesIPRO324BrochureSp09
Creator: Anupoju, Tarun, Halim, Stephanus, Kaminski, Bryan, Lam, Brian, Marcellis, Brandon, Martin, Rebecca, Odunaiya, Edumaregbemiro, Stevanovic, Stefan, Tsosie, Henrietta, Voukadinov, Ivan, Ziomek, Arkadiusz
Date: 2009, 2009-05
Description: We would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be...
Show moreWe would like to develop a system that measures the applied torque at a bicycle crank set. In contrast to current solutions, we want to be able to retrofit our system to existing crank sets, obviating the need to abandon parts that the bicyclist already owns. In principle, according to preliminary tests performed at the MMAE department, this can be done using sets of quite inexpensive strain gauges. However, being able to get accurate torque measurements will require some advanced signal processing from the strain gauges. These signals can then be transmitted wirelessly to a bicycle computer like the Edge 705 that the global positioning system corporation Garmin released last year. There is a defined wireless protocol, called ANT+Sport, which has been developed specifically for the purpose of transmitting exercise data, such as power output or heart rate, to small computers. Chipsets and development kits for this protocol are also available commercially. Therefore, our task will be to find an optimal configuration of strain gauges that will be attached to the crank set, and to develop an algorithm to process the strain gauge data in order to isolate a signal that is proportional to the applied torque. This signal will then be transmitted to the bicycle computer for display and storage.
Deliverables
Show less

Title: CHARACTERIZING GPS PHASE LOCK LOOP PERFORMANCE IN WIDEBAND INTERFERENCE USING THE DISCRIMINATOR OUTPUT DISTRIBUTION
Creator: Stevanovic, Stefan
Date: 2018, 2018-05
Description: The use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) has accelerated in recent years. In its inception, GPS was used exclusively by the military for...
Show moreThe use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) has accelerated in recent years. In its inception, GPS was used exclusively by the military for navigation. Today, with the emergence of extremely capable electronics and microprocessors, GPS has been integrated into many aspects of life. It is currently widely used by both the military and various civilian industries for applications that require navigation as well as precise timing. Some applications of GPS include ground vehicle and aircraft navigation, banking, power transmission, and agriculture. As a result, disruptions in GPS availability have the potential to disrupt many services and industries around the globe, and even threaten the safety of life. Reliable operation can be interrupted by radio frequency interference (RFI), which can come from natural and manufactured sources. This work describes new techniques to evaluate the performance of GPS receivers that may be subjected to RFI events. The example application motivating this work is Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) reference station receivers subjected to broadband interference, for example, from nearby use of personal privacy devices (PPDs). PPDs most commonly emit broadband interference, and GBAS ground based reference receivers have expe- rienced tracking discontinuities as a result [Pul12]. These events can cause navigation service interruptions to aircraft on nal approach. To ensure continuity of the nav- igation service, GBAS reference stations must be able to track GPS signals in the presence of wideband interference. The objective of this work is to develop the PLL analysis tools required to design PLLs capable of tracking through RFI events, while reducing the need for time-consuming simulations and experimental validation. Instead, simulation and experimental validation can be reserved for PLL designs which are much more likely to be successful. The techniques described in this work are valid for any GPS application in which the receiver cannot tolerate cycle slips in the phase-lock loop (PLL). The methodology is directly applicable to ground-based reference receivers for differential GPS systems, as well as other ground-based receivers that require high continuity of service. It is also relevant to moving receivers, if the additional dynamic stresses on the PLL are also taken into account. The PLL discriminator output (DO) distribution is used to characterize GPS PLL tracking performance, in contrast to the phase jitter metric widely used in prior work and literature. Both the DO variance and the bias on the mean of the DO distribution are shown to be superior to the jitter metric in predicting phase-lock. And, it is shown that the bias in the DO mean is the most effective measure of cycle slip probability. Studying the discriminator output distribution also provides a means of comparing different techniques to extend PLL averaging time beyond the length of a navigation data bit, without time-consuming direct simulation and experimental validation. Experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and simulations. The observed tracking results are consistent with the theoretically predicted system performance. The DO bias is superior to the variance metric in its ability to predict loss of phase-lock.
Ph.D. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, May 2018
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