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Title: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution (sequence unknown), IPRO 324 - Deliverables: IPRO 324 IPRO Day Presentation F09
Creator: Adrianzen, Luis, Allen, Ross, Antonio, Chris, Callan, Mark, Claxton, Sara, Diesse, Patrick, Gaylord, Matthew, Herbert, Greg, Shaffer, Dan, Wegrzyn, Celeste
Date: 2009-12
Description: The goal of the IPRO is to try to find an inexpensive, but accurate way of measuring the power output of a rider on a bicycle. Problems with...
Show moreThe goal of the IPRO is to try to find an inexpensive, but accurate way of measuring the power output of a rider on a bicycle. Problems with systems currently available are: some products are not compatible with all bike systems causing the need to purchase new parts, the cost of the available products is expensive, and some of the available measuring systems are not very accurate.
Deliverables for IPRO 324: Power Measurement for Road Bicycles: Towards a Universal Solution for the fall 2009 semester
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Title: DEVELOPMENT OF A VERSATILE WIRELESS NETWORKING TESTBED AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Creator: Paladugu, Ravi Kiran
Date: 2011-07-26, 2011-07
Description: Wireless networks have been an essential part of communication and a very hot research interest in the last century. It is a truly...
Show moreWireless networks have been an essential part of communication and a very hot research interest in the last century. It is a truly revolutionary paradigm shift, enabling multimedia communications between people and devices from any location. Wireless networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous, there has been a major development in communication hardware and protocol stack for better quality of service, increased throughput, reduced latency, reduced energy consumption, security, etc. As wireless networks continue to develop, usage has grown day-by-day and it becomes a critical part of home, business and industrial infrastructure. To meet all these increasing demands, growing wireless networks and standards researchers are providing new networking technologies. However, these technologies must be tested before they can be released for mainstream use. As academic research in wireless networking relies heavily on simulation, the accuracy depends on the fidelity of the models used in simulation. Even the well-known simulators used in academic research, like ns-3 and qualnet, fails to provide accurate behavior of the signal propagation and wireless channels. Without high confidence in the accuracy of wireless network simulation tools, it is difficult to make concrete progress in cross-layer protocol optimization research. In this thesis, we built a versatile wireless networking testbed, which can support variety of applications. This testbed supports Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MRMC) wireless mesh networks and can implement various multi radio routing protocols. We have made several modifications to the wireless interface device drivers to improve the performance of multichannel protocols. Furthermore, we will discuss the details of our testbed and its implementation.
M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering, July 2011
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Title: the evolution of the south fork turning basin
Creator: Grilli, Graham
Date: 5/4/2011, 2011-05
Description: a historical analysis of the South Fork Turning basin from 1833-2040 including proposals for future timeline. wetland remediation coupled with...
Show morea historical analysis of the South Fork Turning basin from 1833-2040 including proposals for future timeline. wetland remediation coupled with modular housing and adaptive reuse solutions. prototype for other potential developments along river's edge leading to healthier Great Lakes basin.
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Title: Green Building Design Concept & Integration (sequence unknown), IPRO 335 - Deliverables: IPRO 335 Midterm Presentation F09
Creator: Avanessian, Aris, Banda, Justine, Bergerson, Joshua, Burke, Jeffrey, Christo, Robert, Dexter, Eric, Kim, Kibum, Mey, Andrew, Okunaga, Jonathan, Razeq, Ali, Schaefer, Jacqueline, Thovar Leon, Adrian, Um, Hye
Date: 2009-12
Description: The scope of this IPRO project spans structural, architectural, foundation, HVAC, lighting and electric system designs, as well as building...
Show moreThe scope of this IPRO project spans structural, architectural, foundation, HVAC, lighting and electric system designs, as well as building cost estimating and professional ethics. The IPRO team will become informed about and apply principles associated with green design concepts, energy sustainability, post occupancy comfort, acoustic design issues, smart building concepts, health issues (abatement of mold- and allergy-causing agents), and safety considerations.
Deliverables for IPRO 335: Green Building Design Concept & Integration for the fall 2009 semester
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Title: Sprout: An Urban Outreach Enterprise: studio book
Creator: Basham, David
Date: 2010-07-29

Title: GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA IN PARTIALLY SPROUTED PUMPKIN, SUNFLOWER, AND CHIA SEEDS SUBSEQUENTLY DRIED FOR DIRECT CONSUMPTION
Creator: Wang, Can
Date: 2017, 2017-05
Description: Products based on dried, partially sprouted seeds have been associated with foodborne salmonellosis. Typically, sprouted seeds have been a...
Show moreProducts based on dried, partially sprouted seeds have been associated with foodborne salmonellosis. Typically, sprouted seeds have been a major concern with respect to foodborne illness, but little is known about the risks associated with dried partial sprouted seed products. Previous studies suggest that low-temperature, highhumidity storage conditions may provide an alternative means to inactivate Salmonella for those processors opposed to traditional thermal processing. The objective of this study was to determine the growth of Salmonella during germination of pumpkin, sunflower, and chia seeds, and the survival of Salmonella during drying and storage under variable temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Pumpkin, sunflower, and chia seeds were dry inoculated at 5 log CFU/g with 4 serotype mixture of Salmonella using a dry transfer method, and then soaked in sterile water at 25 and 37°C for 24 h. Salmonella and total aerobic mesophilic plate counts (APC) were determined on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract (TSAYE), respectively. Seeds using this procedure were drained and dried at 25, 51 and 60°C. The water activity (aw) and microbial population of seeds were monitored during drying. Seeds soaked and dried at 25oC were utilized for subsequently storage studies. Portions of dried chia seeds were ground into powder, then pumpkin, sunflower and chia seeds and chia seeds powder were stored at either 37 or 45oC at three different RH levels. The aw and microbial population of seed samples were monitored during storage. During the seed soaking, Salmonella and APC increased approximately 3 log CFU/g. Some decreases were observed at the end of the growth period, as may be expected after stationary phase. Drying at 60oC to a aw of 0.1 resulted in over 6-log CFU/g loss in bacterial population in partially sprouted pumpkin and sunflower seeds, and 5-log CFU/g loss in partially sprouted chia seeds. However, seeds dried at 25oC bring the aw to 0.5 had only approximately a 1-log CFU/g loss in bacterial population. The highest temperature (45oC) and RH (76%) storage condition had the greatest inactivation effect. At 45oC and 76%RH, Salmonella in pumpkin and sunflower seeds were below detection limit after 4 d and 7 d respectively. Salmonella populations in chia seeds and chia seeds powder were still detectable after 7 d regardless of the treatment condition. Salmonella is capable of survival during the manufacture of partially sprouted seeds including both drying and storage steps. Mild thermal treatment coupled with high RH storage condition holds promise for Salmonella inactivation in pumpkin and sunflower seeds but is less effective for chia seeds and chia seeds powder. Dried, partially sprouted seeds that are used as ingredients or consumed directly without further processing are a high-risk food product. Such products must be treated to eliminate foodborne pathogens that may cause foodborne illness.
M.S. in Food Science, May 2017
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Title: TRACK on Devon Avenue
Creator: Kohn, Adi
Date: 2011, 2011-05
Description: This project encourages innovative design and planning concepts that further the development of a better, healthier and more active lifestyle...
Show moreThis project encourages innovative design and planning concepts that further the development of a better, healthier and more active lifestyle through the infusion of activities into everyday practices in a space inhabited daily. It is not about encouraging us to go to the gym and workingout more. It’s about giving citizens a workout through their interactions with this environment on a daily basis.
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Title: EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING ON MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS IN POLYPROPYLENE FILM
Creator: Zhao, Kun
Date: 2013-04-15, 2013-05
Description: High pressure processing (HPP) is readily gaining prominence worldwide as an alternative method of food preservation due to its benefits of...
Show moreHigh pressure processing (HPP) is readily gaining prominence worldwide as an alternative method of food preservation due to its benefits of improved quality, freshness and nutrient retention. The use of polymer-based flexible packaging materials has allowed application of HPP to prepackaged food products, without significant loss of physical and mechanical properties. However, there is limited data existing on migration properties in the materials before and/or after HPP. Therefore, it’s necessary to evaluate potential migration issues in pre-packed foods during HPP (Song and Koontz, 2012). This research was conducted to determine the migration properties in cast polypropylene (CPP) films during and after HPP (71°C and 700MPa) and a comparable thermal processing (TP, 71°C and 0.1MPa), using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometer (MS) technique to quantify selected surrogate compounds (chloroform (CF), toluene (TOL), methyl salicylate (MS) and phenyl cyclohexane (PC)) in FDA-suggested food simulants (Miglyol and 10% Ethanol), and using dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA) to test glass transition temperature (Tg) of films. In general, HPP significantly decreased the migration of selected surrogates from CPP film into Miglyol or 10% Ethanol when compared to TP. For Miglyol, after 5min-HPP migration recoveries of CF, TOL, MS and PC were 53, 61, 24, and 16% respectively, while all compounds reached 100% after 5min-TP. For 10% Ethanol, recoveries of four compounds were 22.6, 12.6, 11.2, and 8.4% after HPP treatment, but were 51.0, 25.5, 21.2, and 9.2% with TP treatment. During storage at room temperature after processing, migration recoveries increased for both HPP/TP treated and non- xii processed samples; however, concentration of surrogated in HPP treated films were near or lower than those from non-processed and/or TP treated films. This research will help the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the food industry to determine whether any safety issues related to chemical migration should be addressed concerning the use of HPP in production of prepackaged foods. The results may be used in the food contact notification and petition review processes of approving new packaging materials and components for use in HPP applications (Song and Koontz, 2011).
M.S. in Food Safety and Technology, May 2013
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Title: Improving Efficiency Through Advanced Technology for Electrical Construction (sequence unknown), IPRO 338 - Project Plan: IPRO 338 Project Plan F09
Creator: Kyung Cho, Bum, Crites, Sarah, Czapla, Sarah, Guerrero, Jose, Kim, Yoosuk, Malawski, Frank, Maloney, Michael, Pedrina, Kaleo, Qiu, Li, Yi, Jennifer
Date: 2009-12
Description: The team is to improve the efficiency of electrical contracting projects through new software and technology, communications, and project...
Show moreThe team is to improve the efficiency of electrical contracting projects through new software and technology, communications, and project management techniques, especially through Building Information Modeling (BIM) utilization.
Sponsorship: Electrical Contractor's Association
Project Plan for IPRO 338: Improving Efficiency Through Advanced Technology for Electrical Construction for the fall 2009 semester
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Title: MICROCALCIFICATION DETECTION WITH DEEP BELIEF NETWORK
Creator: Liu, Lu
Date: 2012-04-24, 2012-05
Description: In this thesis, deep belief net (DBN) is applied for detection of microcalcification (MC) clusters in digital mammograms. DBN is a relatively...
Show moreIn this thesis, deep belief net (DBN) is applied for detection of microcalcification (MC) clusters in digital mammograms. DBN is a relatively new type of neural network in machine learning which can learn complex structures from data by using a deep architecture. Based on a database of 200 clinical mammograms, a 3-level unsupervised network followed by a supervised back-propagation fine-tuning classifier is trained and tested. For each location in the image, the classifier is applied to decide whether there is an MC, and subsequently all the detected MCs are grouped into clusters. Free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves are used to evaluate the performance. The performance of DBN is compared to a well-known support vector machine (SVM) detector. Experimental results show that DBN can outperform SVM. In particular, DBN can achieve a detection rate of 83% at the cost of only one false positive cluster per image. These promising results show that DBN can be adopted in the study of object detection in medical image.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, May 2012
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Title: DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A SECURE AND EFFICIENT VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK
Creator: Hao, Yong
Date: 2012-07-06, 2012-07
Description: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other by equipping every vehicle with an on board unit (OBU). Many...
Show moreVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other by equipping every vehicle with an on board unit (OBU). Many interesting and promising functionalities can be achieved in the VANETs, such as safety related application and data downloading application. In this thesis, we focus on the security and privacy provision as well as efficiency improvement of above two applications in the VANETs. In the safety related application, each vehicle periodically broadcasts messages including its current position, direction and velocity (which can be generated by a global positioning system (GPS) device) to inform its geographic data to its neighbors. Privacy is an important issue in VANETs. Meanwhile, some important security functionalities such as message authentication, integrity and non-repudiation should be integrated into the VANETs. In this thesis, we propose a distributed key management protocol based on group signature to provide security and privacy for vehicles. Distributed key management is expected to facilitate the revocation of malicious vehicles, verification efficiency, maintenance of the system and heterogeneous security policies, compared with the centralized key management assumed by the existing group signature schemes. In our framework, each road side unit (RSU) acts as the key distributor for the group, where a new issue incurred is that the semi-trust RSUs may be compromised. Therefore, we develop security protocols which are able to detect compromised RSUs and their malicious accomplices. Moreover, we address the issue of large computation overhead due to the group signature implementation. A practical cooperative message authentication protocol (CMAP) is thus proposed to alleviate the verification burden for vehicles. In the CMAP, on average, each vehicle just needs to verify a very small amount of received geographic messages. Compared with the existing probabilistic verification protocol, CMAP can save at least 40 % computation resource for vehicles. In the data downloading application, we propose a secure cooperative data downx loading framework for payment services in VANETs. In our framework, vehicles download data when they pass by an RSU and then share the data after they travel out of the RSU’s coverage. A fundamental issue of our framework is how vehicles share data with each other. Thus, we develop an application layer data sharing protocol (DSP) in which vehicles share their downloaded data one by one in sequence according to their positions. A better performance can be achieved by the proposed protocol because it is able to avoid medium access control (MAC) layer collisions and the hidden terminal effect. Analytical models are derived to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the distance between RSUs on the amount of data that vehicles can download in a drive through. The simulation results show that our protocol can download 87.4% more data for vehicles than the existing scheme “VC-MAC” when the distance between two consecutive RSUs reaches 10 kilometers. Moreover, we also address security and privacy issues in the process of data downloading and sharing. Both applicants’ exclusive access to the applied data and vehicles’ privacy are ensured by our framework. Compared with the communication overhead in the intuitive method, the communication overhead in our framework will be reduced to 50%. We also propose a security protocol to detect sybil attacks in privacy preserved VANETs. In the above two applications, vehicles’ location information is utilized to facilitate the efficiency. However, if malicious vehicles launch the sybil attack by forging several fake entities and claim they are at some certain positions. The overall performance of the applications will be compromised greatly. So, we propose a security protocol to detect sybil attacks by examining the rationality of vehicles’ positions. The attack detection utilizes the characteristics of communication. No extra hardware and little communication and computation overhead will be introduced to vehicles. Moreover, a smart attacker scenario in which a malicious vehicle may adjust its communication range to avoid detection and the malicious vehicles’ collusion scenario are also considered.
Ph.D. in Computer Engineering, July 2012
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Title: STUDIES ON RING OPENING REACTIONS AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF AZIRIDINIUM IONS
Creator: Sun, Xiang
Date: 2013, 2013-12
Description: Aziridinium ions are valuable and important intermediates to prepare complex nitrogen containing compounds. Various enantiomerically enriched ...
Show moreAziridinium ions are valuable and important intermediates to prepare complex nitrogen containing compounds. Various enantiomerically enriched -haloamines were synthesized as precursors to generate aziridinium ions in situ. Optically active aziridinium perchlorates or triflates were prepared and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. Regioselective and enantioselective ring opening reactions of aziridinium ions with diverse nucleophilies including cyanide, azide, amines, hydride and water were extensively studied. An efficient one-pot synthetic route to enantiomerically enriched alcohols and amine precursors was developed. Development of the adequate bifunctional chelators is a critical step for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of cancer. The practical and scalable regiospecific ring opening reactions of aziridinium ions with macrocyclic amines were utilized for synthesis of a series of bifunctional ligands including 3p-C-NETA, C-NE3TA, 3p-C-NE3TA, 3p-C-DECA, 3p-C-DE4TA, an optically active (S)-C-NE3TA, and bifunctional DTPA analogues for RIT using 90Y and 177Lu. Preparation of bifunctional chelators that can rapidly form 64Cu complexes with high stability is an imminent goal for effective PET imaging. A series of NOTA and NE3TA-based chelators were prepared. NE3TA-based bile acid conjugates and NE3TA- based dual receptor-targeted conjugates were synthesized and possess potential for application of targeted PET imaging with 64Cu.
PH.D in Chemistry, December 2013
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Title: Teacher Knowledge Share (Semester Unknown) IPRO 320: Teacher Knowledge Share IPRO 320 Abstract F08
Creator: Bern, David, Bochantin, Marike, Hartline, Julian, Mccall, Ian, Mick, Emily, Peake, Andrew, Pierce, Alison, Pindrik, Dmitriy, Quinn, Michael, Stanford, Carly, Tilatti, Michael
Date: 2008, 2008-12
Description: The goal of IPRO 320 is to create an online professional network for school teachers at the kindergarten through twelfth grade level to allow...
Show moreThe goal of IPRO 320 is to create an online professional network for school teachers at the kindergarten through twelfth grade level to allow for the sharing of ideas, lesson plans and other professionally relevant information. This is a continuing project which saw limited success in the previous semester in that a functioning web site was constructed based on surveys of public school teachers but it saw very little use. This semester, the planned approach is to build on the research generated last semester by performing additional market research with teachers. Following that, IPRO 320 will rework much of the previous web site by refining some of the features, adding additional ones as the research indicates and improving the website in general, both functionally and aesthetically.
Deliverables
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Title: Overlap Overlay
Creator: Wankel, Jordan
Date: 5/4/2011, 2011-05
Description: The purpose of this overlay is to provide the proper mechanics which allows a new type of home ownership while addressing current urban...
Show moreThe purpose of this overlay is to provide the proper mechanics which allows a new type of home ownership while addressing current urban vacancy. The overlay attempts to be democratic. It establishes basic rules based on the existing block requirements, while also providing flexibility within. Residents voluntarily participate in the system, benefiting from the whole. Social interactions, block orientated activities, and housing arrangements expand and contract over time.
Sponsorship: Goodman, David
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Title: Our Energy Future: Lessons in Sustainability AND IPRO Teams for K-12: The Education Outreach Service Learning Cluster (sequence unknown), IPRO 332 - Deliverables: IPRO%20332%20Final%20Report%20F09_redacted
Creator: Chavez, Jorge, Johnson, Ross, Chin, Jason, Grande, Gina, Lay, Livia, Mccloat, Declain, Nguyen, Nam, Olechno, Patrick, Randle, Jennifer, Tyler Ii, Micheal, Vega, Mayra, Weiner, Andrew, Zajac, Gregory
Date: 2009-12
Description: The mission of the IPRO is to educate the community, focusing mainly on elementary and high school students, on the issues of sustainability...
Show moreThe mission of the IPRO is to educate the community, focusing mainly on elementary and high school students, on the issues of sustainability and energy conservation. The group looks to expand on the work that has been completed in previous semesters, by adding multi-media presentations to enhance the current teaching modules. Previous modules have presented to classrooms simply with information, and the team looks to add upon this by adding interactive and entertaining materials to intrigue the audience.
Deliverables for IPRO 332: IOur Energy Future: Lessons in Sustainability AND IPRO Teams for K-12: The Education Outreach Service Learning Cluster for the fall 2009 semester
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Title: UNDERGROUND AIRPORT
Creator: Kim, Churl Jong
Date: 2014, 2014-12
Description: The idea of this project is to investigate the possibility of an underground airport with passenger facilities below and aircrafts above with...
Show moreThe idea of this project is to investigate the possibility of an underground airport with passenger facilities below and aircrafts above with minimum over-ground space. An important advantage is the possibility of loading and unloading passengers at two or more aircraft entrances thereby shortening the turn-around time of aircrafts. This accessibility can be more easily managed when approached from below. Furthermore, an underground facility is expected to provide several additional advantages: 1) greater freedom for aircrafts to get into position to efficiently load and unload; 2) potential for aircrafts to power-in and power-out of gate areas omitting the need for towing; 3) shorter walking distances for passengers due to greater compactness; 4) potential for an effective and efficient Automated People Mover (APM) system; 5) greater potential for systematic airport expansion when needed; 6) potentially reduced operating cost for ventilation, heating, and cooling. These advantages will answer many of the difficulties that current airports are experiencing today. However, in order to achieve these advantages, there are many important practical questions such as the spatial, environmental, structural aspects that need to be most carefully addressed. This project endeavored to investigate these important aspects as thoroughly as time and resources permit.
M.S. in Architecture, December 2014
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Title: 3D RECONSTRUCTION FROM MULTIPLE IMAGES USING SINGLE MOVING CAMERA
Creator: Zhou, Zhen
Date: 2015, 2015-05
Description: A new technique to reconstruct an object or environment in 3D using a single moving camera was developed. The technique requires only one...
Show moreA new technique to reconstruct an object or environment in 3D using a single moving camera was developed. The technique requires only one camera moving through the environment. Once a set of images or a video is captured, a point cloud and the camera path of the environment or the object can be generated. The camera has to be calibrated in advance. The procedure of 3D reconstruction consists of the SIFT feature matching algorithm, the Epipolar geometry reconstruction, fundamental matrix algebra, points cloud triangulation, and the estimation of the camera motion. The algorithm explored in this thesis is only based on visual information captured by a single moving RGB-camera.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, May 2015
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Title: A REVIEW OF ORTHOGONAL LATIN HYPERCUBE DESIGNS FOR COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS
Creator: Jiang, Yin
Date: 2014, 2014-05
Description: Computer models can describe complicated physical phenomena. Due to the highly nonlinear and complex nature, they require specially designed...
Show moreComputer models can describe complicated physical phenomena. Due to the highly nonlinear and complex nature, they require specially designed experimental inputs. One direction of computer experiment design is orthogonal Latin hypercube design which is widely used. This thesis reviews the most resent methods of orthogo- nal Latin hypercube designs, their constructing algorithms and important theoretical properties. These designs are easy to construct and preserve the orthogonal and equally-spaced projections. With large number of factors, orthogonal Latin hyper- cube designs enable researchers to estimate uncorrelated rst-order regression e ects, as well as higher-order e ects. For large number of runs, we reviewed general design method to construct large orthogonal Latin hypercubes from small orthogonal Latin hypercubes. A similar construction method for nearly orthogonal Latin hypercubes was discussed as well.
M.S. in Applied Mathematics, May 2014
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Title: APPLICATION OF LONG SPAN TRUSSES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH ATHLETIC PROGRAM AND OCCUPANT AWARENESS
Creator: Marshall, Kristen
Date: 2011-11-25, 2011-12
Description: The athletic facility at the Illinois Institute of Technology is currently insufficient for not only the school’s varsity athletes, but also...
Show moreThe athletic facility at the Illinois Institute of Technology is currently insufficient for not only the school’s varsity athletes, but also for the school’s club teams and student body. A larger facility is needed to supplement the Keating Sports Center, which is small and currently the only athletic center for the campus. This new facility will include a lightweight and ingenuitive structural design in combination with architectural engineering ideals that challenges the Miesian typology of the rest of campus. My project will incorporate an original structural design and explore the use of suitable building enclosure materials and their thermal properties in order to make the building as efficient as possible.
M.S. in Architecture, December 2011
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Title: Protecting the Artists' Social Construct in a Mutually Beneficial Developer Environment: DSheen_ProtectingArtistSocialConstruct_Board
Creator: Sheen, Daniel
Date: 2011, 2011-05
Description: This project is a mixed-use high rise which will incorporate the program of the newly constructed high rise buildings of retail, hotel, and...
Show moreThis project is a mixed-use high rise which will incorporate the program of the newly constructed high rise buildings of retail, hotel, and condominiums with the program of the existing Powerhouse Arts District, art gallery, auction house, art work spaces, and artist lofts. In order for this combination of program to occur and to retain developer interest in this high rise tower, relationships between the program were investigated. Typical “inefficient” or unleasable spaces in a traditional high rise were used as opportunities to incorporate these art district programs into the site. Artist lofts were design on the perimeter of the mechanical floors to take advantage of double height spaces as well as privacy. Art galleries, and an auction house was incorporated on the lower service level in order to take advantage of loading/unloading access. Art work spaces were designed around program which required column free spacing and a sunken art plaza was designed to add additional frontage to different retail and art programs located below grade. The design of both the high rise and its program intends to restore the deteriorating identity of the Powerhouse Arts District in Jersey City, NJ.
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