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Title: Examination of Power Ultrasound and Organic Acid-based Hurdle Technology in the Reduction of Salmonella Enterica on Peaches and Apples
Creator: Mathias, Hina Valida
Date: 2023
Description: Fresh produce includes fruit matrices like whole peaches and apples that are minimally processed and are a popular choice among different...
Show moreFresh produce includes fruit matrices like whole peaches and apples that are minimally processed and are a popular choice among different types of demographics because of their nutrition content and health benefits. However, there have been increasing pathogen outbreaks in these matrices over the past few decades, which are majorly rooted in cross contamination either due to poor handling pre and post processing or the insufficient reduction of the pathogen at processing by the applied hurdle technology. While chemical sanitizers are a popular option in the food industry, the awareness and demand for green consumerism and sustainability have created a need for research to determine the efficacies of organic acids and non-thermal technologies like power ultrasound in the reduction of different pathogens on different food matrices. This study focusses on the S. enterica reduction capabilities of three organic acids – citric, malic, and lactic alone and in combination with 40 kHz power ultrasound at 1, 2 and 5% for treatment times of 2, 5 and 10 min on whole yellow peaches and gala apples. Peaches and apples were spot inoculated with a four-strain cocktail of S. enterica, resulting in 9 log CFU/fruit. Post air drying for 1 h, the fruits were treated with water, 1, 2, or 5% citric, lactic, or malic acid for 2, 5 or 10 min with and without power ultrasound treatment at 40 kHz. The population of S. enterica on the fruits was enumerated before and after treatment. Three independent trials with triplicate samples were performed for each condition. Population differences were evaluated via Student's t-test and ANOVA; p<0.05 was considered significant. The initial level of inoculum ranged from 8.67 ± 0.41 to 8.20 ± 0.26 log CFU/peach and 7.28 ± 0.60 to 8.17 ± 0.37 log CFU/apple in peaches and apples, respectively. Water treatments showed pathogen reduction as high as 1.22 log CFU/peach and 1.02 log CFU/apple. Citric acid treatments on peaches showed significant pathogen reduction at higher time increments at 5% with a reduction of S. enterica as high as 2.24 log CFU/peach after 10 min. Malic acid showed the highest recorded log reduction in peaches at 5% and 10 min being 4.20 log CFU/peach (n=1/9, samples above the enumeration limit) and apples at 5% and 5 min being 3.71 log CFU/apple (n=4/9, samples above the enumeration limit) both in combination with an ultrasound. Lactic acid, unlike the other two organic acids, showed a pathogen reduction of over 3 log CFU/fruit at 2% after 10 min, with the highest pathogen reductions of 3.76 log CFU/peach and >3.62 log CFU/apple at 5% and10 min. There was no particular trend with significant enhancement of pathogen reduction either with time increment or the addition of ultrasound and varied with the varying acids, treatment conditions and fruit matrices.
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Title: Cities on the Move: Envisioning Cityscape in the Autonomous Vehicle Era
Creator: Lee, Hyo Eun
Date: 2023
Description: As cities have developed in response to a rapidly changing environment since the industrial revolution, a variety of circumstances and issues...
Show moreAs cities have developed in response to a rapidly changing environment since the industrial revolution, a variety of circumstances and issues have arisen. In cities, technological development and the rise of private automobiles have been related to urban sprawl, traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and mobility inequalities. Currently, autonomous vehicles are bringing a paradigm shift in mobility as technological innovations accompany the fourth industrial revolution. As cities undergo renewal through new mobility, recent developments in driverless technologies should be considered for their long-term impact on the built environment. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a design, along with a set of scenarios, for a transportation hub in the era of autonomous vehicles to address today's complex mobility requirements. Through bringing together existing case studies, research on autonomous vehicles, and drawing conclusions regarding the relationship between mobility and urban landscapes, this thesis explores how autonomous vehicles will affect the future built environment in a set of timelines. Considering the future transportation hub will require programs and infrastructure to support autonomous vehicles, this thesis also provides a vision of the future of transportation modes and how they interact. Finally, a transportation hub design model and an automation city model for the AV era will be proposed.
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Title: Mies van der Rohe’s master plan for the Illinois Institute of Technology campus superimposed on an aerial photograph of the campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1941
Creator: Kaufmann & Fabry Co., Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969
Date: 1941
Description: Photomontage of an aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus circa 1941 and the Illinois Institute of Technology campus...
Show morePhotomontage of an aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus circa 1941 and the Illinois Institute of Technology campus master plan by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
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Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1965
Creator: Brandt & Associates
Date: 1964-1965
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northwest. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range provided is...
Show moreAerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northwest. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range provided is approximate.
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Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1963
Creator: Brandt & Associates
Date: 1963
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking southwest.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1963
Creator: Brandt & Associates
Date: 1963
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northeast.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1955
Date: 1955
Description: Aerial photograph of the northwest section of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northeast. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1957
Date: 1957
Description: Aerial photograph of the south portion of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking north. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1955
Date: 1955
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northwest. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: View of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking north, Chicago, Illinois, 1953
Date: 1953
Description: Photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking north. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1953
Date: 1953
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking northwest. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Aerial view of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1953
Date: 1953
Description: Aerial photograph of the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, looking southwest. Photographer unknown.
Collection: IIT Campus Aerial photographs, 1940-2002

Title: Mentions of Ethics Codes in Social Media: A Twitter Analysis
Creator: Laas, Kelly, Hildt, Elisabeth, Wu, Ying
Date: 2022, 2022-01-03
Publisher: Springer, Cham
Collection: Codes of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines: Emerging Technologies and Changing Fields

Title: An Introduction to the Societal Roles of Ethics Codes
Creator: Laas, Kelly, Davis, Michael, Hildt, Elisabeth
Date: 2022, 2022-01-03
Publisher: Springer, Cham
Description: In this collected volume, we are interested in the roles of ethics codes and ethical guidelines in professions in which research and...
Show moreIn this collected volume, we are interested in the roles of ethics codes and ethical guidelines in professions in which research and innovation play an important role and where emerging technologies bring about considerable, sometimes fast-paced change.
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Collection: Codes of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines: Emerging Technologies and Changing Fields

Title: Informed Consent in Digital Data Management
Creator: Hildt, Elisabeth, Laas, Kelly
Date: 2022, 2022-01-03
Publisher: Springer, Cham
Description: This article discusses the role of informed consent, a well-known concept and standard established in the field of medicine, in ethics codes...
Show moreThis article discusses the role of informed consent, a well-known concept and standard established in the field of medicine, in ethics codes relating to digital data management. It analyzes the significance allotted to informed consent and informed consent-related principles in ethics codes, policies, and guidelines by presenting the results of a study focused on 31 ethics codes, policies, and guidelines held as part of the Ethics Codes Collection. The analysis reveals that up to now, there is a limited number of codes of ethics, policies, and guidelines on digital data management. Informed consent often is a central component in these codes and guidelines. While there undoubtedly are significant similarities between informed consent in medicine and digital data management, in ethics codes and guidelines, informed consent-related standards in some fields such as marketing are weaker and less strict. The article concludes that informed consent is an essential standard in digital data management that can help effectively shape future practices in the field. However, a more detailed reflection on the specific content and role of informed consent and informed consent-related standards in the various areas of digital data management is needed to avoid the weakening and dilution of standards in contexts where there are no clear legal regulations.
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Collection: Codes of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines: Emerging Technologies and Changing Fields

Title: Letter from Frank T. Walsh to Mary Henry, May 27, 1966
Creator: Walsh, Frank T.
Date: 1966-05-27
Description: Typescript letter with signature from Frank T. Walsh, Director of Corporate Industrial Design at the Ampex Corporation, to Mary Henry. The...
Show moreTypescript letter with signature from Frank T. Walsh, Director of Corporate Industrial Design at the Ampex Corporation, to Mary Henry. The letter was composed in response to the promotional material Henry provided Ampex in advance of her first solo exhibition, which opened in 1967 at the Ampex Corporation in Redwood City, California.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Simulation and Experimental Testing of High-Gradient Dielectric Disk Accelerating Cavities
Creator: Weatherly, Sarah K.
Date: 2022
Description: Structure-based wakefield acceleration can be accomplished using either Collinear Wakefield Acceleration (CWA) where the drive beam and the...
Show moreStructure-based wakefield acceleration can be accomplished using either Collinear Wakefield Acceleration (CWA) where the drive beam and the witness beam are located on the same beamline or Two Beam Acceleration (TBA) where the RF power generated by the drive beam is extracted and transferred to the witness beam line. A Dielectric Disk Accelerator (DDA) is an accelerating structure that is utilized by TBA that uses dielectric disks to improve the structure's shunt impedance and accelerate the witness beam. Dielectric based accelerators studied in this thesis are X-Band structures (have a working frequency between 8 and 12 GHz) that can use any pulse length but in this study utilize short (<20 ns) traveling wave pulses. Short pulse lengths are used to decrease breakdown probability and allow for a large gradient. DDAs have a higher group velocity and a larger shunt impedance compared to traditional metallic accelerating structures while maintaining a large accelerating gradient. DDAs are a strong candidate for use in the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator’s 500 MeV Demonstrator. Recent experimental results of a clamped single cell structure demonstrated a >100 MV/m accelerating gradient with no evidence of breakdown in the RF volume. Additional structures, including a brazed single cell model and a multicell structure, have been designed and are now being fabricated for high power testing.
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Title: A SCALABLE AND CUSTOMIZABLE SIMULATION PLATFORM FOR ACCURATE QUANTUM NETWORK DESIGN AND EVALUATION
Creator: Wu, Xiaoliang
Date: 2021
Description: Recent advances in quantum information science enabled the development of quantum communication network prototypes and created an opportunity...
Show moreRecent advances in quantum information science enabled the development of quantum communication network prototypes and created an opportunity to study full-stack quantum network architectures. The scale and complexity of quantum networks require cost-efficient means for testing and evaluation. Simulators allow for testing hardware, protocols, and applications cost-effectively before constructing experimental networks. This work develops SeQUeNCe, a comprehensive, customizable quantum network simulator. We have explored SeQUeNCe for quantum communication network evaluation. We use SeQUeNCe to study the performance of the quantum network with different hardware and applications. Additionally, we extend SeQUeNCe to a parallel discrete-event simulator by using the message passing interface (MPI). We comprehensively analyze the benefit and overhead of parallelization. The parallelization technique significantly increases the scalability of SeQUeNCe. In the future, we would like to improve SeQUeNCe in three aspects. First, we plan to continue reducing overhead from parallelization and increasing the scalability of SeQUeNCe. Second, we plan to investigate means to model quantum memory, entanglement protocols, and control protocols to enrich simulation models in the SeQUeNCe library. Third, we plan to integrate hardware with SeQUeNCe to enable high-fidelity analysis.
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Title: Development of MIITRA T1w, DTI and FOD templates of the older adult brain in a common space
Creator: Wu, Yingjuan
Date: 2022
Description: Human brain atlases play an important role in neuroimaging studies and are commonly used as references for spatial normalization, tissue...
Show moreHuman brain atlases play an important role in neuroimaging studies and are commonly used as references for spatial normalization, tissue segmentation, automated brain parcellation, seed selection for functional connectivity analyses and fiber-tracking, or standards for algorithm evaluation. A brain atlas typically consists of brain templates of different imaging modalities in a common space and semantic labels that delineate brain regions according to the characteristics of the underlying tissue.High-quality T1-weighted (T1w) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) brain templates that are representative of the individuals under study enhance the accuracy of template-based neuroimaging investigations, and when they are also located in a common space they facilitate optimal integration of information on brain morphometry and diffusion characteristics. However, such multimodal templates have not been constructed for the brain of older adults. This thesis introduced an iterative method for construction of multimodal T1w and DTI templates that aims at maximizing the quality of each template separately as well as the spatial matching between templates. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated across iterations and was compared to the performance of state-of-the-art multimodal template construction approaches based on multichannel registration. Using the proposed method, along with other recently developed techniques, high-quality T1w and DTI templates of the older adult brain were developed in a common space at 0.5mm resolution for the MIITRA atlas. In this thesis, the new templates were compared to other available templates in terms of the image quality, inter-subject and inter-modality spatial normalization accuracy achieved when used as a reference, and the representativeness of the older adult brain. Furthermore, as fiber orientation distribution (FOD) model is capable of resolving intravoxel heterogeneity, which overcomes the limitations of the DTI model especially in regions with complex neuronal microarchitecture, FOD template is in high demand to facilitate FOD-based, fixel-based analyses, white matter connectivity studies and white matter parcellations. In this thesis, several FOD template construction methods were compared and a FOD template was developed at 0.5mm resolution for the MIITRA atlas. Overall, the present work brought new insights into multimodal template construction, conducted a thorough, quantitative evaluation of available multimodal template construction methods, and generated much-needed high quality T1w, DTI and FOD templates of the older adult brain in a common space with 0.5mm resolution.
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Title: AN EXPLORATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURAL PROTEINS ON THE DYNAMICS AND ENERGETIC LANDSCAPE OF NUCLEOSOME ARCHITECTURES
Creator: Woods, Dustin C
Date: 2022
Description: Comprised of eight core histones wrapped around at least 147 base pairs of DNA, nucleosomes are the fundamental unit the chromatin fiber from...
Show moreComprised of eight core histones wrapped around at least 147 base pairs of DNA, nucleosomes are the fundamental unit the chromatin fiber from which long arrays are built to compact genetic information into the cell nucleus. Structural proteins, such as linker histones (LH) and centromere proteins (CENP), interact with the DNA to dictate the exact architecture of the fiber which can directly influence the regulation of epigentic processes. However, the mechanisms by which structural proteins affect these processes are poorly understood. In this thesis, I will explore the various way in which LHs and CENP-N affect nucleosome and, by extension, chromatin fiber dynamics. First, I present a series of simulations of nucleosomes bound to LHs, otherwise known as chromatosomes, with the globular domain of two LH variants, generic H1 (genGH1) and H1.0 (GH1.0), to determine how their differences influence chromatosome structures, energetics and dynamics. These simulations highlight the thermodynamic basis for different LH binding motifs, and details their physical and chemical effects on chromatosomes. Second, I examine how well the findings above translate from mono-nucleosomes to poly-nucleosome arrays. I present a series of molecular dynamics simulations of octa-nucleosome arrays, based on a cryo-EMstructure of the 30-nm chromatin fiber, with and without the globular domains of the H1 LH to determine how they influence fiber structures and dynamics. These simulations highlight the effects of LH binding on the internal dynamics and global structure of poly- nucleosome arrays, while providing physical insight into a mechanism of chromatin compaction. Third, I took a brief departure from LHs to study the effects that the centromere protein N (CENP-N) has on the poly-nucleosome systems. I present a series of molecular dynamics simulations of CENP-N and di-nucleosome complexes based on cryo- EM and crystal structures provided by Keda Zhou and Karolin Luger. Simulations were conducted with nucleosomes in complex with one, two, and no CENP-Ns. This work, in collaboration with the Karolin Luger Group (University of Colorado – Boulder) and the Aaron Straight Group (Stanford University), represents the first atomistic simulations of this novel complex, providing the foundation for a plethora of future research opportunities exploring centromeric chromatin the effect that its structure and dynamics have on epigenetics. Lastly, I return to the chromatosome to study how DNA sequence affects the free energy surface and detailed mechanism of LH transitions between binding modes. I used umbrella sampling simulations to produce PMFs of chromatosomes wrapped in three different DNA sequences: Widom 601, poly-AT, and poly-CG. This work, my final in the series, represents a culmination of my studies furthering the understanding of biophysical phenomena surrounding LHs and how they can be extrapolated towards epigentic mechanisms. I was able to report on the first PMFs illustrating a previously unknown transition and describe the transition mechanism as it depends on DNA sequence.
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