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Title: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars (Fall 1999) IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars IPRO013 Fall1999 Final Presentation
Creator: Gupta, Kapil, Zukauskas, Elena, Patel, Jayesh, Lin, Shan
Date: 1999, 1999-12
Description: Railroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities...
Show moreRailroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities include foodstuffs as well as a wide range of chemicals use in the process industries. Transport Canada and the U.S. Department of Transportation collaborate in the formulation of rules and regulations for the transportation of hazardous commodities. While the incidence of non-accident release (NARs) is very small there is nevertheless a further collaborative effort by shippers and car owners alike to reduce the incidence of NARs to zero. One approach in reducing NARs is to develop a means to identify small leaks immediately, while the vehicle is in transit. The IPRO team will identify and evaluate methods for detecting small leaks using car mounted sensors and alerting the shipper of the leak automatically form remote locations. This includes consideration of how to mount sensors and telemetry devices, log data, predict unacceptable trends and incidents, and report them in a timely, reliable and cost-effective fashion. The technologies involved in the development of such a system would include characterization of target chemicals, sensors and date transmission, mounting to the tank car, evaluation of the econ0omic viability of the concepts, and identification of potential legal implications.
Sponsorship: Union Tank Car Company
Project Plan for IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars for the Fall 1999 semester
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Title: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars (Fall 1999) IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars IPRO013 Fall1999 Final Report
Creator: Gupta, Kapil, Zukauskas, Elena, Patel, Jayesh, Lin, Shan
Date: 1999, 1999-12
Description: Railroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities...
Show moreRailroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities include foodstuffs as well as a wide range of chemicals use in the process industries. Transport Canada and the U.S. Department of Transportation collaborate in the formulation of rules and regulations for the transportation of hazardous commodities. While the incidence of non-accident release (NARs) is very small there is nevertheless a further collaborative effort by shippers and car owners alike to reduce the incidence of NARs to zero. One approach in reducing NARs is to develop a means to identify small leaks immediately, while the vehicle is in transit. The IPRO team will identify and evaluate methods for detecting small leaks using car mounted sensors and alerting the shipper of the leak automatically form remote locations. This includes consideration of how to mount sensors and telemetry devices, log data, predict unacceptable trends and incidents, and report them in a timely, reliable and cost-effective fashion. The technologies involved in the development of such a system would include characterization of target chemicals, sensors and date transmission, mounting to the tank car, evaluation of the econ0omic viability of the concepts, and identification of potential legal implications.
Sponsorship: Union Tank Car Company
Project Plan for IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars for the Fall 1999 semester
Show less

Title: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars (Fall 1999) IPRO 013
Creator: Gupta, Kapil, Zukauskas, Elena, Patel, Jayesh, Lin, Shan
Date: 1999, 1999-12
Description: Railroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities...
Show moreRailroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities include foodstuffs as well as a wide range of chemicals use in the process industries. Transport Canada and the U.S. Department of Transportation collaborate in the formulation of rules and regulations for the transportation of hazardous commodities. While the incidence of non-accident release (NARs) is very small there is nevertheless a further collaborative effort by shippers and car owners alike to reduce the incidence of NARs to zero. One approach in reducing NARs is to develop a means to identify small leaks immediately, while the vehicle is in transit. The IPRO team will identify and evaluate methods for detecting small leaks using car mounted sensors and alerting the shipper of the leak automatically form remote locations. This includes consideration of how to mount sensors and telemetry devices, log data, predict unacceptable trends and incidents, and report them in a timely, reliable and cost-effective fashion. The technologies involved in the development of such a system would include characterization of target chemicals, sensors and date transmission, mounting to the tank car, evaluation of the econ0omic viability of the concepts, and identification of potential legal implications.
Sponsorship: Union Tank Car Company
Project Plan for IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars for the Fall 1999 semester
Show less

Title: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars (Fall 1999) IPRO 013
Creator: Gupta, Kapil, Zukauskas, Elena, Patel, Jayesh, Lin, Shan
Date: 1999, 1999-12
Description: Railroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities...
Show moreRailroad tank cars are efficient vehicles for the transport of large quantities of liquid commodities in North America. These commodities include foodstuffs as well as a wide range of chemicals use in the process industries. Transport Canada and the U.S. Department of Transportation collaborate in the formulation of rules and regulations for the transportation of hazardous commodities. While the incidence of non-accident release (NARs) is very small there is nevertheless a further collaborative effort by shippers and car owners alike to reduce the incidence of NARs to zero. One approach in reducing NARs is to develop a means to identify small leaks immediately, while the vehicle is in transit. The IPRO team will identify and evaluate methods for detecting small leaks using car mounted sensors and alerting the shipper of the leak automatically form remote locations. This includes consideration of how to mount sensors and telemetry devices, log data, predict unacceptable trends and incidents, and report them in a timely, reliable and cost-effective fashion. The technologies involved in the development of such a system would include characterization of target chemicals, sensors and date transmission, mounting to the tank car, evaluation of the econ0omic viability of the concepts, and identification of potential legal implications.
Sponsorship: Union Tank Car Company
Project Plan for IPRO 013: Monitoring Safety of Railway Tank Cars for the Fall 1999 semester
Show less

Title: EVALUATING INTEGRITY FOR MOBILE ROBOT LOCALIZATION SAFETY
Creator: Duenas Arana, Guillermo
Date: 2019
Description: Precise localization is paramount for autonomous navigation. Localization errors are not only dangerous by themselves, but can also mislead...
Show morePrecise localization is paramount for autonomous navigation. Localization errors are not only dangerous by themselves, but can also mislead other dependent systems into moving to a hazardous location. Unfortunately, the problem of quantifying robot localization safety is only sparsely addressed in the robotics literature, and most robotics algorithms still quantify pose estimation performance using a covariance matrix or particle spread, which only accounts for nominal sensor errors. This is insufficient for life- and mission-critical applications, such as autonomous vehicles and other co-robots, where ignoring sensor or sensor or processing faults can lead to catastrophic localization errors. Thus, other methods must be employed to ensure safety.In response, this research leverages prior work in aviation integrity monitoring to tackle the more challenging case of evaluating localization safety in mobile robots. In contrast to aviation applications, that heavily rely on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for localization, robots often operate in complex, GNSS-denied environments that require a more sophisticated sensor suite to ensure localization safety. Localization integrity risk is the probability that a robot's pose estimate lies outside pre-defined acceptable limits while no alarm is triggered. In this work, the integrity risk is rigorously upper bounded by accounting for both nominal noise and other non-nominal sensor faults, resulting in a safe upper bound on the localization integrity risk.The main contribution of this dissertation is the design and evaluation of a sequential integrity monitoring methodology applicable to mobile robot localization algorithms that use feature extraction and data association. First, faults introduced during the feature extraction and data association processes are distinguished, and the probability of the latter is rigorously upper bounded using analytical methods. The impact of faults in the estimate error's and fault detector's distributions is then determined to quantify integrity risk, which is evaluated under the worst-possible fault combination. To determine the impact of previous faults without a boundlessly growing number of fault hypotheses, this dissertation presents a novel method that uses a preceding time window to build a limited set of hypotheses and a prior estimate bias to account for faults occurring before the start of the time window. The proposed methodology is applicable to Kalman Filter and fixed-lag smoothing localization. Simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the methodology.
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Title: EVALUATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ENRICHMENT AND COMPOSITING PROTOCOLS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
Creator: Eckert, Christine
Date: 2019
Description: Environmental sampling in a food production plant is routinely conducted using devices, such as sponges or swabs, to verify cleaning...
Show moreEnvironmental sampling in a food production plant is routinely conducted using devices, such as sponges or swabs, to verify cleaning procedures and determine if any foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), are present. The devices used for environmental monitoring are enriched to improve pathogen detection. This study aims to 1) compare the limit of detection (LOD) of L. monocytogenes of two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enrichment procedures (i.e., Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) and Compliance Document) with and without food matrix, and to 2) assess the number of samples which can be wet and dry composited without loss of sensitivity from stainless steel. To compare the LOD of L. monocytogenes using UVM and BLEB, three inoculation levels (0.27±0.07, 0.59±0.05, and 1.00±0.15 CFU per 225 mL enrichment) with 30 enrichments each were used. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the number of samples where L. monocytogenes was detected for UVM and BLEB at any of the three inoculation levels. However, the limit of detection (LOD95%) for UVM/Fraser was higher than that of BLEB (2.13 and 1.44 CFU/mL, respectively). For wet compositing, 1.24±0.34 CFU of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into 45 enrichments of UVM or BLEB without food matrix and 7.2±0.18 CFU of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into 30 enrichments of UVM or BLEB with 4.13±0.12 log CFU of native microflora from Romaine lettuce wash (RLW). Secondary composite enrichments in Fraser broth were conducted at each of four different ratios: 1:1 (1 positive:1 negative), 1:2 (1 positive: 2 negative), 1:4 (1 positive: 4 negative), and 1:7 (1 positive:7 negative). There was no significant difference between the number of samples where L. monocytogenes was detected between BLEB and UVM with or without food matrix at any of the composite ratios. When comparing wet and dry compositing enrichments from stainless steel, 10.16 × 10.16 cm areas on stainless steel plates were inoculated with 464±22 CFU (2.67±0.24 log CFU) L. monocytogenes, dried for 24 h, and sponges were used to swab the surface of the plates. The sponges were then composited (into primary enrichments for dry compositing) or the secondary enrichments were composited (for wet compositing). Compositing was conducted with RLW containing 4.13±0.02 log CFU of background microflora. There was no significant difference between the number of samples where L. monocytogenes was detected for BLEB and UVM when comparing dry or wet compositing at any of the composite ratios tested. Results of this thesis will aid in determining if compositing of environmental samples is an option when L. monocytogenes is the target pathogen.
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Title: SAFETY AND MOBILITY IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OF THE CHICAGO BIKE LANE PROGRAM
Creator: Zhao, Yu
Date: 2021
Description: In recent years, bike as a travel mode is getting increasingly popular among large cities in the U.S. These cities also found promoting bike...
Show moreIn recent years, bike as a travel mode is getting increasingly popular among large cities in the U.S. These cities also found promoting bike mode can potentially mitigate traffic congestion issues, reduce carbon emission and improve the quality of life for residents. Therefore, many cities-initiated bike-related programs promote the bike mode from all aspects, such as establishing a shared bike system and developing bike-related facilities. Specifically, bike lane installation is widely seen in large cities as a pivot component of bike promotion programs. Due to the installation of bike lanes on the existing network, vehicles’ safety and mobility performance may be affected due to the variation of facilities. This study attempts to propose a methodology to quantify the safety and mobility impacts on vehicles brought by bike lane installation. The proposed method accounts for safety impact by using predicted crashes in conjunction with field observed crash data for empirical Bayes (EB) before-after comparison group analysis. The mobility impact is captured by comparing the segment average travel time before and after the bike lane installation. Further, vehicle volume information is involved in the consumer surplus computation to quantify the variation in vehicle safety, and mobility performance resulting from the bike lane installation. A case study is conducted using a real data set from the city of Chicago bike lane program. The results reveal that the safety and mobility impacts vary mainly depending on the type of bike lane installed and location.
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