Photograph of an unidentified Chicago School of Design or Institute of Design student applying what appears to be plaster to a constructed... Show morePhotograph of an unidentified Chicago School of Design or Institute of Design student applying what appears to be plaster to a constructed form. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph unknown. Date listed is approximate. Show less
Experimental Design and Analysis textbook originally written for use in 36-309/749, Experimental Design for Behavioral and Social Sciences at... Show moreExperimental Design and Analysis textbook originally written for use in 36-309/749, Experimental Design for Behavioral and Social Sciences at Carnegie Mellon University. Show less
Flyer advertising available leases for Gunsaulus Hall apartments, posted in May 1952. Gunsaulus Hall was designed by Skidmore, Owings &... Show moreFlyer advertising available leases for Gunsaulus Hall apartments, posted in May 1952. Gunsaulus Hall was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and was constructed in 1949-1950. Show less
Booklet detailing apartment/dormitory housing options available to Illinois Tech students, faculty, and staff. Published soon after the... Show moreBooklet detailing apartment/dormitory housing options available to Illinois Tech students, faculty, and staff. Published soon after the construction of Cunningham Hall and Bailey Hall (later George J. Kacek Hall), the booklet includes descriptions of different apartment layouts and floor plans for each building. Date unknown. Date listed is approximate, based on campus layout depicted in booklet and mention of Mies van der Rohe as current director of the Department of Architecture. Show less
Photograph of Robert Arzbaecher and Bob Jaeger of the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science... Show morePhotograph of Robert Arzbaecher and Bob Jaeger of the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering). Photographer unknown. Date of photograph unknown. Date range listed is approximate. Show less
Photograph of Robert Arzbaecher of the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and... Show morePhotograph of Robert Arzbaecher of the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering) holding a smart pacemaker, potentially an external pacemaker used in conjunction with the swallowable pill electrode Arzbaecher developed for use in the detection and analysis of cardiac arrythmia. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph unknown. Date range listed is approximate. Show less
Photograph of an implantable drug pump for treating cardiac arrhythmia developed by Robert Arzbaecher at the Pritzker Institute of Medical... Show morePhotograph of an implantable drug pump for treating cardiac arrhythmia developed by Robert Arzbaecher at the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering). Photographer unknown. Date of photograph unknown. Date range listed is approximate. Show less
Photograph of a swallowable pill electrode used in the detection and analysis of cardiac arrythmia, including an Aspirin tablet for size... Show morePhotograph of a swallowable pill electrode used in the detection and analysis of cardiac arrythmia, including an Aspirin tablet for size comparison. The pill electrode was developed by Robert Arzbaecher at the Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering (now Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering). Photographer unknown. Show less
Picture of 1899 Lewis Institute faculty clipped from a newspaper in the 1920s. Those pictured include George Noble Carman (Director of Lewis... Show morePicture of 1899 Lewis Institute faculty clipped from a newspaper in the 1920s. Those pictured include George Noble Carman (Director of Lewis Institute), John L. Bacon (later Mayor of San Diego, 1921-1927), Wallace W. Atwood (later President of Clark University, 1920-1946). Photographer and original source unknown. Show less
Photograph of cut and folded paper used as a means to experiment with light and shadow. Title, date, and signature inscribed on verso.... Show morePhotograph of cut and folded paper used as a means to experiment with light and shadow. Title, date, and signature inscribed on verso. Numbered img1136, 026.087.3.06, #42.1.2, and 2886? on verso of photograph. Show less
Bacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene... Show moreBacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene expression, and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Given the robust nature of bio?lms due to the non-growing nature of bio?lm bacteria and the physical barrier provided by the extracellular matrix, eradicating bio?lms is a very di?cult task to accomplish with conventional antibiotic or disinfectant treatments. Synthetic biology holds substantial promise for controlling bio?lms by improving and expanding existing biological tools, introducing novel functions to the system, and re-conceptualizing gene regulation. This review summarizes synthetic biology approaches used to eradicate bio?lms via protein engineering of bio?lm-related enzymes, utilization of synthetic genetic circuits, and the development of functional living agents. Synthetic biology also enables bene?cial applications of bio?lms through the production of biomaterials and patterning bio?lms with speci?c temporal and spatial structures. Advances in synthetic biology will add novel bio?lm functionalities for future therapeutic, biomanufacturing, and environmental applications. Sponsorship: NIH-R15AI130988, NSF CBET-1917130 Show less
Bacterial biofilms are associated with chronic infectious diseases and are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial... Show moreBacterial biofilms are associated with chronic infectious diseases and are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial bacteriocins are alternatives to conventional antibiotics and are characterized by unique cell-killing mechanisms, including pore formation on cell membranes, nuclease activity, and cell wall synthesis inhibition. Here, we used cell-free protein synthesis to rapidly evaluate the antibiofilm activities of colicins E1, E2, and E3. We found that E2 (with DNase activity) most effectively killed target biofilm cells (i.e., the K361 strain) while leaving nontargeted biofilms intact. We then engineered probiotic Escherichia coli microorganisms with genetic circuits to controllably synthesize and secrete colicin E2, which successfully inhibited biofilms and killed preformed indicator biofilms. Our findings suggest that colicins rapidly and selectively kill target biofilm cells in multispecies biofilms and demonstrate the potential of using microorganisms engineered to produce antimicrobial colicin proteins as live therapeutic strategies to treat biofilm-associated infections. Sponsorship: NIH-R15AI130988 Show less
The natural genetic code only allows for 20 standard amino acids in protein translation, but genetic code reprogramming enables the... Show moreThe natural genetic code only allows for 20 standard amino acids in protein translation, but genetic code reprogramming enables the incorporation of non-standard amino acids (NSAAs). Proteins containing NSAAs provide enhanced or novel properties and open diverse applications. With increased attention to the recent advancements in synthetic biology, various improved and novel methods have been developed to incorporate single and multiple distinct NSAAs into proteins. However, various challenges remain in regard to NSAA incorporation, such as low yield and misincorporation. In this review, we summarize the recent efforts to improve NSAA incorporation by utilizing orthogonal translational system optimization, cell-free protein synthesis, genomically recoded organisms, artificial codon boxes, quadruplet codons, and orthogonal ribosomes, before closing with a discussion of the emerging applications of NSAA incorporation. Sponsorship: NIH R15AI130988 Show less