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Title: Pilgrim Baptist Church, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1964
Creator: Weil, F. Peter
Date: 1952-1964
Description: Pilgrim Baptist Church (3301 S. Indiana Ave, Chicago, IL) photographed from the northwest by Institute of Design student F. Peter Weil. Date...
Show morePilgrim Baptist Church (3301 S. Indiana Ave, Chicago, IL) photographed from the northwest by Institute of Design student F. Peter Weil. Date is estimated as 1964 from other evidence in the collection.
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Collection: F. Peter Weil photographs, 1952-1964

Title: Multimodal Learning and Generation Toward a Multisensory and Creative AI System
Creator: Zhu, Ye
Date: 2023
Description: We are perceiving and communicating with the world in a multisensory manner, where different information sources are sophisticatedly processed...
Show moreWe are perceiving and communicating with the world in a multisensory manner, where different information sources are sophisticatedly processed and interpreted by separate parts of the human brain to constitute a complex, yet harmonious and unified intelligent system. To endow the machines with true intelligence, multimodal machine learning that incorporates data from various modalities including vision, audio, and text, has become an increasingly popular research area with emerging technical advances in recent years. Under the context of multimodal learning, the creativity to generate and synthesize novel and meaningful data is a critical criterion to assess machine intelligence.As a step towards a multisensory and creative AI system, we study the problem of multimodal generation in this thesis by exploring the field from multiple perspectives. Firstly, we analyze different data modalities in a comprehensive manner by comparing the data natures, the semantics, and their corresponding mainstream technical designs. We then propose to investigate three multimodal generation application scenarios, namely text generation from visual data, audio generation from visual data, and visual generation from textual data, with diverse approaches to give an overview of the field. For the direction of text generation from visual data, we study a novel multimodal task in which the model is expected to summarize a given video with textual descriptions, under a challenging condition where the video can only be partially seen. We propose to supplement the missing visual information via a dialogue interaction and introduce QA-Cooperative network with a dynamic dialogue history update learning mechanism to tackle the challenge. For the direction of audio generation from visual data, we present a new multimodal task that aims to generate music for a given silent dance video clip. Unlike most existing conditional music generation works that generate specific types of mono-instrumental sounds using symbolic audio representations (e.g., MIDI), and that heavily rely on pre-defined musical synthesizers, we generate dance music in complex styles (e.g., pop, breaking, etc.) by employing a Vector-Quantized (VQ) audio representation via our proposed Dance2Music-GAN (D2M-GAN) framework. For the direction of visual generation from textual data, we tackle a key desideratum in conditional synthesis, which is to achieve high correspondence between the conditioning input and generated output using the state-of-the-art generative model -- Diffusion Probabilistic Model. While most existing methods learn such relationships implicitly, by incorporating the prior into the variational lower bound in model training. In this work, we take a different route by explicitly enhancing input-output connections by maximizing their mutual information, which is achieved by our proposed Conditional Discrete Contrastive Diffusion (CDCD) framework. For each direction, we conduct extensive experiments on multiple multimodal datasets and demonstrate that all of our proposed frameworks are able to effectively and substantially improve task performance in their corresponding contexts.
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Title: UTILIZING BACTERIAL INTERACTIONS TO CONTROL PATHOGENIC BIOFILM FORMATION
Creator: Fang, Kuili
Date: 2020
Description: Many chronic infections involve bacterial biofilms, which are difficult to eliminate using conventional antibiotic treatments. Biofilm...
Show moreMany chronic infections involve bacterial biofilms, which are difficult to eliminate using conventional antibiotic treatments. Biofilm formation is a result of dynamic intra- or inter-species interactions. However, the nature of molecular interactions between bacteria in multi-species biofilms are not well understood compared to those in mono-species biofilms. The first project (Chapter 3) investigated the ability of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to outcompete the biofilm formation of pathogens including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. When dual-species biofilms were formed, EcN inhibited the EHEC biofilm population by 14-fold compared to EHEC mono-species biofilms. This figure was 1,100-fold for S. aureus and 8,300-fold for S. epidermidis; however, EcN did not inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilms. In contrast, commensal E. coli did not exhibit any inhibitory effect toward other bacterial biofilms. We identified that EcN secretes DegP, a bifunctional (protease and chaperone) periplasmic protein, outside the cells and controls other biofilms. Although three E. coli strains tested in this study expressed degP, only the EcN strain secreted DegP outside the cells. The deletion of degP disabled the activity of EcN in inhibiting EHEC biofilms, and purified DegP directly repressed EHEC biofilm formation. Hence, probiotic E. coli outcompetes pathogenic biofilms via extracellular DegP activity during dual-species biofilm formation. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a pathogen causing the outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis. Conventional antibiotics treatment is not recommended for EHEC infection as antibiotics trigger Shiga toxin production of EHEC and aggravate hemolytic-uremic syndrome. EHEC biofilm formation is closely associated with its virulence expression. Previously, we identified that probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) secretes DegP resulting in the inhibition of EHEC biofilm formation in a dual culture. DegP is a serine protease exhibiting both proteolytic and chaperone functions and binds to outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of target cells. However, the extracellular function of DegP is not clear. We hypothesized that binding of DegP to OMPs of EHEC might inhibit EHEC biofilm formation by affecting the adhesion ability or changing biofilm-related gene regulations of EHEC. We constructed EHEC mutants lacking ompA, ompC, or ompF individually and in combination and assessed their biofilm formation in the presence of DegP-secreting EcN in the co-culture or by adding purified DegP. It was found that both ompA and ompC double deletion decreased EHEC single species biofilm, and also caused that DegP inhibited more EHEC biofilm (about 25 fold inhibition) than DegP inhibited EHEC wt biofilm (about 10 fold), indicating that OmpA and OmpC are more related to EHEC biofilm than OmpF, and OmpA and OmpC might deplete DegP inhibitory functions. On the other hand, DegP S210A, a DegP mutant lacking protease function, inhibited EHEC wt biofilm, indicating that DegP’s biofilm inhibition function is not from its protease activity. Additionally, EHEC transcription profiles in the presence of DegP showed that DegP up-regulated expressions of cellulose production related genes (csgD and bcsA) and motility related genes (flhD, qseB), which were all involved in EHEC biofilm inhibition, and down-regulated Shiga toxin 2 virulence gene (stx2). Besdies, DegP promoted EHEC cellulose production and motility, which is consistent with transcription profile, and Shiga toxin 2 production will be further tested. This study reveals a new function of DegP secreted by EcN in controlling biofilms and leads us to develop an alternative strategy to control biofilm-related infections. Foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation renders these cells highly resistant to current sanitation methods, and probiotics may be a promising approach to the efficient inhibition of Listeria biofilms. In the Chapter 5 study, three Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi were shown to be effective probiotics for inhibiting Listeria biofilm formation. Biofilms of two L. monocytogenes serotypes, 1/2a (ATCC15313) and 4b (ATCC19115), in dual-species culture with each probiotic strain were decreased by more than 40-fold as compared with single-species Listeria biofilms; for instance, a reduction from 5.4 times 10^6 CFU/cm2 L. monocytogenes ATCC19115 in single-species biofilms to 1.1 times 10^5 CFU/cm2 in dual-species biofilms. Most likely, one of the Leuconostoc strains, L. mesenteroides W51, led to the highest Listeria biofilm inhibition without affecting the growth of L. monocytogenes. The cell-free supernatant from the L. mesenteroides W51 culture containing large protein molecules (> 30 kDa) also inhibited Listeria biofilms. These data indicate that Leuconostoc probiotics can be used to repress L. monocytogenes biofilm contamination on surfaces at food processing facilities.
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Title: A MICROFLUIDIC INTESTINAL-MICROBIOTA PLATFORM TO STUDY DRUG METABOLISM
Creator: Wang, Chengyao
Date: 2020
Description: The intestine is the main site that orally administered drugs are primarily metabolized, absorbed, and distributed. The trillions of bacteria...
Show moreThe intestine is the main site that orally administered drugs are primarily metabolized, absorbed, and distributed. The trillions of bacteria that inhabit the intestine influence health and regulate important biochemical factors, such as the activity of enzymes pertinent to drug metabolism. However, this has not been systematically studied partly due to the challenges of recapitulating the unique and complex intestinal microenvironment that includes (1) the presence of mammalian and microbial cells and (2) a unique partitioned oxygenation proﬁle across the lumen to the subepithelial mucosa from anaerobic to the richly vascularized oxygenated. This thesis reports the development of a microfluidic device in which is integrated a membrane synthesized from a key element of mucosal basal lamina, collagen, and precisely controlled partitioned oxygen environment. The device enabled excellent cell viability and long-term function. More importantly, it enabled the coculture of intestinal epithelial cells and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the partitioned oxygen environment. These experiments on one hand allowed the measurement of cellular oxygen consumption rate under perfusion, which could be used to study microbial regulation of oxidative metabolism in epithelial cells. On the other hand, the device allowed a systematic examination of the role of different gut bacteria strains on the regulation of factors that are important in drug metabolism, namely, transporters and phase I enzymes. Our studies highlighted the importance of direct communication between the intestinal cells and the gut bacteria with major findings being that species-specific differences exist in the regulation of drug metabolism. This work will be useful for (1) the discovery of novel regulators of drug metabolizing enzymes, (2) developing new pharmacokinetic models, and (3) advancing precision medicine models for patients.
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Title: Military Science Building, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1953
Date: ca. 1953
Description: Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed (1950) is approximate date. Building was located at 3201 South Michigan Avenue. Construction date...
Show moreDate of photograph is unknown. Date listed (1950) is approximate date. Building was located at 3201 South Michigan Avenue. Construction date unknown (demolished ca. 1996-97). This building was initially leased by the Armour Research Foundation in 1951, and acquired by Illinois Tech in 1965. Formerly/Also Known As: Richard D. Irwin Inc. Building (unknown-1941), Sampson Electric Company (1930s-1950s?), Armour Research Foundation Electrical Engineering Research Building (1951-1965), Information Science Building (ca. 1965-ca. 1972), Michigan Building (1972).
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Collection: Technology News slide collection, 1955-1960

Title: Illinois Institute of Technology gymnasium, Chicago, Ill., 1966
Date: 1966
Description: Photograph of the exterior and interior of the gymnasium, located at 32nd and Dearborn Streets. Fowler Hall is visible in the background. The...
Show morePhotograph of the exterior and interior of the gymnasium, located at 32nd and Dearborn Streets. Fowler Hall is visible in the background. The gymnasium was constructed in 1947 and demolished in 1966. It was built as part of a 1947 Federal Works Agency project to provide facilities for veterans of World War II. Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Technology News, January 10, 1944
Creator: Illinois Institute of Technology
Date: 1944-01-10, 1944-01-10
Collection: Technology News Microfilm collection, 1928-1981

Title: Population Dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes in Nut, Seed and Legume Butters
Creator: Zhang, Xinyuan
Date: 2020
Description: Nut, seed, and legume butters are low water activity foods and do not support the growth of foodborne pathogens. Research has determined that...
Show moreNut, seed, and legume butters are low water activity foods and do not support the growth of foodborne pathogens. Research has determined that some pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, can survive for long periods of time in butters, such as almond butter. However, information on the persistence of L. monocytogenes in butters is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the population dynamics of L. monocytogenes in butters stored at 5 and 25°C. Nut (almond, hazelnut, pecan), seed (pumpkin, sesame, sunflower), legume (peanut and soy) and butters containing chocolate (hazelnut and peanut) were inoculated with a 4-strain cocktail of rifampicin-resistant L. monocytogenes at 4 (high inoculation) or 1 log CFU/g (low inoculation). High inoculation butters were mixed by hand for 15 min and 100-g portions were weighed into deli-style containers with lids and stored at 5 or 25°C for 12 mo (370 d). Low inoculation butters were stored in 25- g portions in stomacher bags at 25°C for 6 mo (180 d). During storage, 25 g from the 100- g high inoculation portion or 25 g from the low inoculation samples, in triplicate, were homogenized with 225 mL BPB (or BLEB for FDA BAM enrichments when necessary) and serial dilutions of the homogenate were plated onto BHIA with rifampicin for enumeration of L. monocytogenes. Data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test (α=0.05). The average initial population of L. monocytogenes in the butters was 3.58±0.25 log CFU/g for the high inoculation butters; L. monocytogenes was detected through enrichments for all low inoculation butters. After 12 mo storage at 5°C, the population of L. monocytogenes decreased by 1.34, 1.27, 1.72, 2.04 and 0.93 log CFU/g in almond, hazelnut, peanut with chocolate, hazelnut with chocolate and pecan butter, respectively, when inoculated at the higher level. Significantly less population reduction was observed in pumpkin, sesame, soy, peanut and sunflower butters (1.08, 0.61, 0.84, 0.05 and 0.40 log CFU/g, respectively). After 12 mo storage at 25°C, the L. monocytogenes population in all butters, with the exception of sunflower butter, decreased to below the limit of enumeration (1.67 log CFU/g), but the pathogen was still present via enrichment. For low inoculation butters, L. monocytogenes was present as determined by enrichment in all butters in at least one of two trials after 6 mo. The results of this study provide information on the survival of L. monocytogenes in different butter types when stored at different temperatures.
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Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries booth at the Modernism art fair, including Mary Henry's Quasar, New York, New York, 2006
Date: 2006
Description: Photograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar....
Show morePhotograph of the Aaron Galleries Booth at the Modernism exhibition, at Park Place Armory in 2006, including Mary Henry's painting Quasar. Aaron Brothers, a Chicago gallery, included Mary Henry's work in two art shows at Park Place Armory in 2006, Modernism and Art20. Inscription on verso: "Modernism - Park Avenue Armory 2006 Mary Henry 'Quasar' in booth center Aaron Galleries, Exhibitor." Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Keith School, Chicago, Illinois
Creator: Illinois Institute of Technology. Office of Public Relations
Date: 1950-1959
Description: Photograph of the Keith School, which was constructed in 1883 and demolished in 1959. This elementary school, named after Chicago milliner...
Show morePhotograph of the Keith School, which was constructed in 1883 and demolished in 1959. This elementary school, named after Chicago milliner Elbridge G. Keith, opened its doors in 1883. The school, which became increasingly surrounded by the Institute's campus, closed in 1959, and was demolished that same year. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed (1950-1959) is approximate.
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Collection: Dan Ryan collection, 1954-1980

Title: Automotive Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois
Date: 1917-1946
Description: Photograph of the Automotive Laboratory on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus. The Laboratory is located at 3240 South Federal Street...
Show morePhotograph of the Automotive Laboratory on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus. The Laboratory is located at 3240 South Federal Street, and was constructed in 1917. Also known as: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (1963-66), Gas Dynamics Laboratory (ca. 1966-ca. 1972), Maintenance Garage (1972-ca. 2000), Armour Institute Laboratory. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate. Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Pencil drawing, 1973
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009
Date: 1973-10-01
Description: Untitled pencil drawing by Mary Henry, possibly a sketch or study made during the development of a larger piece. Inscription: "Somber dark, 3...
Show moreUntitled pencil drawing by Mary Henry, possibly a sketch or study made during the development of a larger piece. Inscription: "Somber dark, 3 panels - black brown blue with white stripes."
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Colored pencil drawing, undated
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009
Description: Untitled colored pencil drawing by Mary Henry, date unknown.
Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

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