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Title: NANOSTRUCTURED SULFUR COMPOSITE CATHODES FOR LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
Creator: Dunya, Hamza
Date: 2018
Description: Since the high demand for clean and efficient energy is the main motivation in the research of renewable energy, there have been extensive...
Show moreSince the high demand for clean and efficient energy is the main motivation in the research of renewable energy, there have been extensive studies on secondary lithium batteries. As a part of this initiative, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were introduced by Sony Corporation in 1991. Currently, LIBs are exclusively used in portable devices, such as laptops and cell phones. In the last decade, LIBs have also been widely used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, state of the art has reached its limitation barriers due to high cost and low specific energy density. Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems due to high theoretical specific capacity and specific energy,1675 mAh g-1 and 2500 Wh g-1, respectively. The elemental sulfur as cathode material in LSBs is inexpensive, nontoxic, and abundant on the earth.Although LSBs have many advantages mentioned above, there are many challenges for commercialization of LSBs. The main roadblock is polysulfide shuttle (PSS), which is the migration of discharged lithium polysulfide intermediates from the cathode to the anode, leading to fast capacity fading and low Coulombic efficiency. Other important issues include volume change of sulfur during discharge (~80% expansion) and the insulating nature of sulfur.This dissertation describes two different approaches to achieve a decreased polysulfide shuttle effect for lithium-sulfur batteries; first approach, major focus, is nanostructured dual core-shell sulfur cathode composites and second is to design and synthesize new solvents as the electrolyte additives. For the cathode study, we synthesized two shells in the core-shell design. The inner shell was used as the carbon material (nanospheres and nanorods) to enhance the electrical conductivity of the cathode matrix. The outer shell was polysulfide retention materials (g-C3N4, TiO2, AlF3, and MnO2). g-C3N4, TiO2, and AlF3 coatings were used with hollow carbon nanospheres and MnO2 was coated on the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods. Significant enhancement in capacity retention was observed for all polysulfide resistant coated materials. g-C3N4-coated composite displayed the highest specific capacity among the materials with hollow nanosphere design. The nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorod coated with MnO2 displayed one of the highest initial discharge capacities reported in the literature. For electrolyte study, we designed and synthesized four new fluoroether sulfones as the electrolyte via Michael addition reaction of divinyl sulfone and fluoro alcohols to decrease the dissolution of polysulfides intermediates.
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Title: Role of Respiratory Enzymes on Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Luria-Bertani and Artificial Urine Media
Creator: Hu, Yuyao
Date: 2018
Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes many hospital-acquired infections. The treatment of P. aeruginosa...
Show morePseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes many hospital-acquired infections. The treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is difficult due its multiple defense and adaptive mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is the flexibility of its respiratory chain. The human cell respiratory chain is composed of four respiratory enzymes with low mechanistic flexibility. On the other hand, the respiratory chain of P. aeruginosa contains 23 respiratory enzymes that ensure survival under harsh conditions. To elucidate the physiologic role of these respiratory enzymes, our research compared the growth parameters of wild type P. aeruginosa and nine separate respiratory enzyme mutants, in both LB and artificial urine media (AUM). The deletion mutants include the sodium-translocating NADH: quinone oxidoreductase, complex I, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome bc1 complex, cytochrome c oxidase and cyanide insensitive terminal oxidase. Our data indicate that the growth curve of the cytochrome bc1 complex knockout mutant showed a significantly lower yield and lower growth rate compared with the wild type in both LB and AUM media. Additionally, the cyanide insensitive terminal oxidase mutant showed a significant lower yield compared with the wild type in LB media growth. These results indicate the important roles of these enzymes in the cell biology of P. aeruginosa.
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Title: Exterior view of the New Bauhaus, Marshall Field mansion, Chicago, Illinois
Date: 1937-1938
Description: Date estimated ca. 1937, photographer credit taken from original photo.
Collection: Institute of Design records, 1937-ca. 1962

Title: Buckminster Fuller and Evelyn McCermiak (?)
Date: 1948-1949
Description: Photograph of Buckminster Fuller with a student, identified on the rear of the photograph as Evelyn McCermiak (or McCermak). Photographer...
Show morePhotograph of Buckminster Fuller with a student, identified on the rear of the photograph as Evelyn McCermiak (or McCermak). Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range provided is an estimate based on Fuller's tenure at the Institute of Design.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1937-ca. 1962

Title: Hugo Weber and two Scandinavian design students, Norway, 1952
Date: 1952
Description: Two Scandinavian students shown working on a design problem in the machine workshop, taught by Hugo Weber, associate professor from the...
Show moreTwo Scandinavian students shown working on a design problem in the machine workshop, taught by Hugo Weber, associate professor from the Institute of Design. Description taken from press release.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1937-ca. 1962

Title: Unidentified student wearing shorts and a t-shirt in the snow, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1980
Date: 1980
Description: Photograph of an unidentified Illinois Institute of Technology student in a t-shirt and shorts on a snowy day. Photographer unknown. Date of...
Show morePhotograph of an unidentified Illinois Institute of Technology student in a t-shirt and shorts on a snowy day. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Dugald C. Jackson, Jr., ca. 1936-1938
Date: 1936-1938
Description: Photograph of Dugald C. Jackson, Jr., Lewis Institute director from 1936-1938. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range...
Show morePhotograph of Dugald C. Jackson, Jr., Lewis Institute director from 1936-1938. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Students with kite, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1970s
Date: 1970-1979
Description: Photograph of students with a kite, likely made for the Amelia Earhart Kite Flying Contest (also known as the Kite Fly), an annual event...
Show morePhotograph of students with a kite, likely made for the Amelia Earhart Kite Flying Contest (also known as the Kite Fly), an annual event sponsored by WIIT (later WOUI), the campus radio station. The first Kite Fly occurred in April, 1971. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Three-legged race, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1970s
Date: 1970-1979
Description: Photograph of a three-legged race on what is now Siegel field, with Crerar (now Galvin) Library in the background. Photographer unknown. Date...
Show morePhotograph of a three-legged race on what is now Siegel field, with Crerar (now Galvin) Library in the background. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Students cross-country skiing on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago, Illinois, 1981
Date: 1981
Description: Photograph of students cross-country skiing in front of Hermann Hall on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus in the winter of 1981....
Show morePhotograph of students cross-country skiing in front of Hermann Hall on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus in the winter of 1981. Photographer unknown.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Paul V. Galvin Library, Illinois Institute of Technology
Date: 2015
Description: 35 West 33rd Street , Chicago, Illinois
Collection: Building History project (buildinghistory.iit.edu)

Title: Female students in dormitory room, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, 1980
Date: 1980
Description: Photograph of two female students in a dorm room in Women's Hall (now Lewis Hall). Photographer unknown.
Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Machinery Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology
Date: 2015
Description: 100 West 33rd Street, Chicago, Illinois
Collection: Building History project (buildinghistory.iit.edu)

Title: Farr Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology
Date: 2015
Description: 3300 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
Collection: Building History project (buildinghistory.iit.edu)

Title: Lewis Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology
Date: 2015
Description: 70 East 33rd Street, Chicago, Illinois
Collection: Building History project (buildinghistory.iit.edu)

Title: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL MATERIALS TO CONSTRUCT HIGH-ENERGY-DENSITY RECHARGEABLE CELLS
Creator: Yue, Zheng
Date: 2018
Description: ABSTRACTRechargeable electrical energy storage cells, especially lithium-ion cells, are the critical technology that realized the great...
Show moreABSTRACTRechargeable electrical energy storage cells, especially lithium-ion cells, are the critical technology that realized the great development of the portable electronic devices, such as laptop computers and cell phones. But in some other areas, such as the renewable energy industries and electrical vehicles, which are developing fast and more and more important for environment protection, the current rechargeable energy storage cells cannot meet their requirements, because of their limited energy density.Two types of cells, lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) and supercapacitors, are attracting peoples’ attention for their potential to be developed as the future high-energy-density rechargeable cells. However, Li-S batteries are suffering from the fast discharging capacity fading, which is still a barrier for the large-scale commercialization. Although supercapacitors have been widely used in various areas, their energy density is much lower than current lithium-ion batteries, which limited their application only in assistant systems, such as regenerative brakes.To solve these problems, novel design for both the electrode material and electrolytes are required. In this thesis work, we focused our study in four areas: (1) New electrolytes for LSBs; (2) Cathode material for LSBs; (3) Activated carbon electrodes for electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs); and (4) Electrolyte formulations for EDLCs. We investigated three types of new compounds as a co-solvent for the electrolyte of LSBs: fluorinated ethers, fluoroether sulfones and sulfonium ILs, which have improved the discharging capacity and cycling stability of LSBs. A novel S@HCN@MnO2 cathode material was designed and synthesized, which performed excellent long-term performance. A novel porous AC material with very high SSA was synthesized, and EDLCs with new electrolyte formulations were tested, which showed wide electrochemical potential window and high energy density.
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Title: GUARANTEED, ADAPTIVE, AUTOMATIC ALGORITHMS FOR UNIVARIATE INTEGRATION: METHODS, COSTS AND IMPLEMENTATIONS
Creator: Zhang, Yizhi
Date: 2018
Description: This thesis investigates how to solve univariate integration problems using numerical methods, including the trapezoidal rule and the Simpson...
Show moreThis thesis investigates how to solve univariate integration problems using numerical methods, including the trapezoidal rule and the Simpson's rule. Most existing guaranteed algorithms are not adaptive and require too much a priori information. Most existing adaptive algorithms do not have valid justification for their results. The goal is to create adaptive algorithms utilizing the two above-mentioned methods with guarantees. The classes of integrands studied in this thesis are cones. The algorithms are analytically proved to be a success if the integrand lies in the cone. The algorithms are adaptive and automatically adjust the computational costs based on the integrand values. The lower and upper bounds on the computational costs for both algorithms are derived. The lower bounds on the complexity of the problems are derived as well. By comparing the upper bounds on the computational cost and the lower bounds on the complexity, our algorithms are shown to be asymptotically optimal. Numerical experiments are implemented.
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Title: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF AN INVERTED SERRATED FLAG
Creator: MURUGESAN PAZHANI, KAUSHIK
Date: 2018
Description: An experimental investigation of the role of leading-edge triangular serrations was conducted to understand the role of free leading edge in...
Show moreAn experimental investigation of the role of leading-edge triangular serrations was conducted to understand the role of free leading edge in large amplitude flapping of an inverted flag. The serrations are in the form of triangles arranged spanwise along the leading edge of the flag model. High – speed camera imaging experiment was conducted in open – loop wind tunnel at air – speeds ranging from 3.3m/s to 6.5m/s. For this velocity range, the non – dimensional bending stiffness (the ratio of bending force to the fluid inertial forces) ranges from 0.285 to 0.073. Flow visualization experiment using PIV technique was conducted for baseline flag and two serrated flags at flow velocity 4.8m/s (bending stiffness – 0.13). At a critical value of the velocity or bending stiffness, the flag oscillations transition from low amplitude asymmetric oscillations to symmetric high amplitude oscillations. This critical velocity is higher for the serrated flags indicating a reduction in the instantaneous lift force. The critical velocity was found to increase as serration height increased for a fixed number of serrations. The serrations create leading edge counter rotating eddy structures that interact with the primary tip vortex formation and breakdown process leading to changes in critical velocity, amplitude and frequency. The flapping amplitude and frequency were found to decrease as serration height increased for a fixed number of serrations. The “shallow” serrations have no effect of serrations while “tall” serrations decrease the non – dimensional flapping frequency and amplitude. The phase averaged velocity results show serrations delay leading edge vortex formations, and flow separation. This leads to decrease in pressure difference causing the serrated flag to deform less than baseline flag. Leading edge vortex formed in serrated flags were observed to be deformed compared to baseline flag leading edge vortex. Vortex deformation is due to serration induced three-dimensional flow effects. Serrated flags exhibit elongated vortical structures from flag tip instead of periodic vortex shedding in rebound phase. Streamlines used for qualitative analysis also shows, serrated flags lack periodic vortex formation and shedding during rebound phase. Using qualitative evidence from streamline plots and vorticity contour plots (elongated vortex structures) it could be stated due to change in leading edge geometry, serrated flags demonstrate a non – VIV flapping.
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Title: IIT swimmers John Pottle and Steve Gannon with Tommy, a red-tailed hawk at Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois, 1979
Date: 1979
Description: Provided caption: "Brookfield Zoo's red-tailed hawk Tommy sizes up two of his Illinois Institute of Technology foster parents, IIT varsity...
Show moreProvided caption: "Brookfield Zoo's red-tailed hawk Tommy sizes up two of his Illinois Institute of Technology foster parents, IIT varsity swimming team co-captains John Pottle (left), Berkeley, Illinois, and Steve Gannon, West Chicago. IIT's varsity swimming team, whose mascot is the Scarlet Hawk, recently raised $100 to adopt the hawk, under Brookfield Zoo's animal adoption program which supports exhibits and services for the public."
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

Title: Armour Research Foundation clay grinding machine, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1950s
Date: 1950-1959
Description: From the attached press release: "Brainstorming by engineering economists at Armour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology...
Show moreFrom the attached press release: "Brainstorming by engineering economists at Armour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology uncovered methods of grafting clay raw material to reduce particle size of limestone and eliminate surface popping, or "spelling." This machine is used in a spooner's plant to mix clay and water, remove air from mixture, and extrude clay in cylindrical form." Photographer unknown. Date of photograph unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Office of Communications and Marketing photographs, 1905-1999

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