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- Title
- EFFECT OF NOVEL SANITIZERS IN COMBINATION WITH HIGH-POWER-ULTRASOUND ON MNV-ION ROMAINE LETTUCE
- Creator
- Zeng, Jin
- Date
- 2016, 2016-05
- Description
-
Human norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks around the world especially in fresh-cut products like romaine lettuce. Traditional...
Show moreHuman norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks around the world especially in fresh-cut products like romaine lettuce. Traditional sanitizers such as sodium hypochlorite have been used in food industry to prevent contamination; however there are certain issues such as residuals and toxicity. Novel organic sanitizers have been developed and most of them have been proved not effective on human norovirus. High- Power-Ultrasound (HPU) has a potential to improve effectiveness of sanitizers for washing of fresh-cut produce. As a novel technology, HPU is a non-thermal processing that can enhance inactivating microorganisms in food. In the present study, we have systematically investigated the effect of sanitizers, Chico-wash, ProduceShield, Tsunami 100, EatCleaner and chlorine on human norovirus surrogate and the effect of HPU to enhance viral inactivation. For washing study, romaine lettuce leaves were cut into 5x5 cm2 pieces and spotinoculated with approximately 7 log PFU/ml of MNV-1. The leaves were washed for 60s, 90s, and 120s using various sanitizer concentrations. After washing, leaves were transferred into a stomach bag that contained 20ml of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing 0.5M sodium thiosulfate to neutralize the sanitizers. Viruses were extracted by stomaching and recovered from the samples and quantified by viral plaque assay. Water wash without sanitizer was used as a negative control. For water wash, 1.1± 0.1 log PFU/g, 1.3 ± 0.1 log PFU/g and 1.3 ± 0.1 log PFU/g reduction were observed respectively under 60s, 90s and 120s washing.For 20% Chico-wash, under three different time intervals, MNV-1 reductions of 1.2 ± 0.1 log PFU/g, 1.1± 0.1 log PFU/g and 1.2 ± 0.2 log10 PFU/g were observed respectively. While for ProduceShield, at 20% concentration level, 1.5 log PFU/g, 1.6 log PFU/g and 1.6 log PFU/g reduction were observed respectively. For Tsunami 100, leaves were washed for 60s at different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm, the reduction of MNV-1 was 2.1 ± 0.2, 2.9 ± 0.3, 3.2 ± 0.3, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.7 ± 0.2 log PFU/g, respectively, on the surface of lettuce leaves. In HPU study, a high power ultrasound was introduced into washing step in combination with Tsunami 100 at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm. The reduction of MNV-1 was 2.7 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.5, 3.3 ± 0.7, 3.6 ± 0.7 and 3.8 ± 0.5 log10 PFU/g, respectively. For EatCleaner, lettuce leaves were washed for 60s and the reduction of MNV-1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 log10 PFU/g.The results suggest that Chico-wash and ProduceShield were not effective on removing MNV-1 from romaine lettuce while EatCleaner was effective. Tsunami 100 was effective on MNV-1. One-way ANOVA shows that introducing HPU could enhance MNV-1 inactivation at low Tsunami 100 concentration.
M.S. in Food Safety and Technology, May 2016
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- Title
- An intelligent system for multivariate statistical process monitoring and diagnosis
- Creator
- Tatara, E., Cinar, A.
- Date
- 2002-04
- Publisher
- I S A-THE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS AUTOMATION SOC
- Description
-
A knowledge-based system (KBS) was designed for automated system identification, process monitoring, and diagnosis of sensor faults. The real...
Show moreA knowledge-based system (KBS) was designed for automated system identification, process monitoring, and diagnosis of sensor faults. The real-time KBS consists of a supervisory system using G2 KBS development software linked with external statistical modules for system identification and sensor fault diagnosis. The various statistical techniques were prototyped in MATLAB, converted to ANSI C code, and linked with the G2 Standard Interface. The KBS automatically performs all operations of data collection, identification, monitoring, and sensor fault diagnosis with little or no input from the user. Navigation throughout the KBS is via menu buttons on each user-accessible screen. Selected process variables are displayed on charts showing the history of the variables over a period of time. Multivariate statistical tests and contribution plots are also shown graphically. The KBS was evaluated using simulation studies with a polymerization reactor through a nonlinear dynamic model. Both normal operation conditions as well as conditions of process disturbances were observed to evaluate the KBS performance. Specific user-defined disturbances were added to the simulation, and the KBS correctly diagnosed both process and sensor faults when present.
Endnote format citation
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- Title
- DESIGN OF VANET COOPERATIVE MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION WITH PRACTICAL SIMULATION
- Creator
- Han, Tingting
- Date
- 2012-07-24, 2012-07
- Description
-
In the near future, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected to be more widely deployed, where vehicles would be equipped with on-board...
Show moreIn the near future, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected to be more widely deployed, where vehicles would be equipped with on-board devices that permit wireless networking between vehicles on the road, and between vehicles and in- frastructure. To ensure security and privacy, digital signature and veri cation schemes have been extenstively developed. The group signature implemented in VANETs causes large computation overhead, While the On Board Units installed on vehicles have limited CPU computing capacity. To address this issue, a practical cooperative message authentication protocol (CMAP) is designed and simulated in this work. In the protocol, vehicles share their veri cation results with each other in a cooperative way so that each vehicle just needs to verify a small number of messages. Compared with other work considering 1-D highway road scenario, 2-D city road scenario is built with the tra c simulator VanetMobiSim. Our CMAP simulation is based on the basic Periodic BroadCast (PBC) platform available in newer versions of ns-2 system. The protocol design and all detailed procedures of CMAP algorithms are implemented in the network simulator ns-2 with C++ programming. The simulation also evaluates the performance of CMAP with metrics including missed detection ratio, CPU load, under conditions of di erent vehicle densities and di erent numbers of veri ers. The performance of our CMAP with n-nearest veri er selction method is compared with previously reported probabilistic veri cation method, and shows the advantage.
M.S. in Electrical Engineering, July 2012
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- Title
- SYNTHESIS, PURIFICATION AND CRYSTAL GROWTH OF INDIUM IODIDE SEMICONDUCTORS
- Creator
- Bertorello, Charles
- Date
- 2012-04-23, 2012-05
- Description
-
The indium monoiodide (InI) semiconductor is a promising candidate for Gamma-ray and X-ray radiation detector devices. The high atomic number...
Show moreThe indium monoiodide (InI) semiconductor is a promising candidate for Gamma-ray and X-ray radiation detector devices. The high atomic number of indium (In) and iodine (I), along with high density, give the InI detector a higher photon stopping power (attenuation coe cient) compared to germanium based detectors and comparable to that of CdT e. Based on the previous research on melt synthesis and vapor synthesis by Dr. Ostrogorsky at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Dr. Burger at Fisk University from 2006 to 2009, the present work improves the purity of indium monoiodide by demonstrating the e ciency of zone re ning of this material. A segregation coe cient study is presented based on a Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) and an Instrumental Gas Analysis (IGA) analyses performed by Evans Analytical Group (EAG). Two indium monoiodide crystals were grown using the Vertical Bridgman technique and analyses done on one of the crystals shown a resistivity of 3 109 .cm which is the second highest value reported. Indium monoiodide synthesized and puri ed in this current study was used to grow several Czochralski crystals.
M.S. in Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, May 2012
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- Title
- Church & School Energy Efficiency and Financing Program (sequence unknown), IPRO 328 - Deliverables: IPRO 328 Brochure F09
- Creator
- Ciuffini, Kathryn, Kim, Ja Young, Knapczyk, Robert, Mckinley, Matthew, O'brien, Patrick, Maddamma, Todd, Schafer, Michael, Soderling, Philip, Wedster, Bonnie
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The Fall 2009 IPRO 328 team envisions the development and ultimately execution of a volunteer program which would facilitate the...
Show moreThe Fall 2009 IPRO 328 team envisions the development and ultimately execution of a volunteer program which would facilitate the implementation of energy saving improvements in a church and/or parochial school within the surrounding neighborhoods of IIT campus.
Sponsorship: Vince Cushing of Clean Urban Energy
Deliverables for IPRO 328: Church & School Energy Efficiency and Financing Program for the fall 2009 semester
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- Title
- Green Building Design Concept & Integration (sequence unknown), IPRO 335 - Deliverables: IPRO 335 Poster F09
- Creator
- Avanessian, Aris, Banda, Justine, Bergerson, Joshua, Burke, Jeffrey, Christo, Robert, Dexter, Eric, Kim, Kibum, Mey, Andrew, Okunaga, Jonathan, Razeq, Ali, Schaefer, Jacqueline, Thovar Leon, Adrian, Um, Hye
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The scope of this IPRO project spans structural, architectural, foundation, HVAC, lighting and electric system designs, as well as building...
Show moreThe scope of this IPRO project spans structural, architectural, foundation, HVAC, lighting and electric system designs, as well as building cost estimating and professional ethics. The IPRO team will become informed about and apply principles associated with green design concepts, energy sustainability, post occupancy comfort, acoustic design issues, smart building concepts, health issues (abatement of mold- and allergy-causing agents), and safety considerations.
Deliverables for IPRO 335: Green Building Design Concept & Integration for the fall 2009 semester
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- Title
- Study of the building problems of the Badger Basket Company of Burlington, Wisconsin
- Creator
- Chase, Derwood
- Date
- 2009, 1921
- Publisher
- Armour Institute of Technology
- Description
-
http://www.archive.org/details/studyofbuildingp00chas
Thesis (B.S.)--Armour Institute of Technology
- Title
- Real-time batch process supervision by integrated knowledge-based systems and multivariate statistical methods
- Creator
- Undey, C., Tatara, E., Cinar, A.
- Date
- 2003-08
- Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- Description
-
Real-time supervision of batch operations during the progress of a batch run offers many advantages over end-of-batch quality control. Process...
Show moreReal-time supervision of batch operations during the progress of a batch run offers many advantages over end-of-batch quality control. Process monitoring, quality estimation, and fault diagnosis activities are automated and supervised by embedding them into a real-time knowledge-based system (RTKBS). Interpretation of multivariate charts is also automated through a generic rule-base for efficient alarm handling and fault diagnosis. Multivariate statistical techniques such as multiway partial least squares (MPLS) provide a powerful modeling, monitoring, and supervision framework. Online process monitoring techniques are developed and extended to include predictions of end-of-batch quality measurements during the progress of a batch run. The integrated RTKBS and the implementation of MPLS-based process monitoring and quality control are illustrated using a fed-batch penicillin production benchmark process simulator.
Endnote format citation for DOI:10.1016/j.engappai.2003.09.003
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- Title
- Widget Applications to Enhance the Tru2Way Consumer Experience (sequence unknown), IPRO 312 - Deliverables: IPRO 312 Midterm Presentation F09
- Creator
- Alsharief, Yagoob, Aulfata, Muluken, Curtis, Christopher, Dhewaju, Anusuya, Mooney, Kevin, Mutyaba, Kevin, Ndoping, Marco, Onaissi, Samah, Peterson, Naomi, Siwek, Steven, Wallace, Sean, Yi, Won-jae
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
The IPRO teams objectives are to provide Comcast with feedback from an outside perspective, allowing them to see where their Tru2Way system...
Show moreThe IPRO teams objectives are to provide Comcast with feedback from an outside perspective, allowing them to see where their Tru2Way system needs additional attention or support.
Sponsorship: Comcast
Deliverables for IPRO 312: Widget Applications to Enhance the Tru2Way Consumer Experience for the fall 2009 semester
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- Title
- Test of a 400 hp gas producer at Armour & Co., Chicago, Ill.
- Creator
- Boblett, K. M., Boughton, N. J.
- Date
- 2009, 1909
- Publisher
- Armour Institute of Technology
- Description
-
http://www.archive.org/details/testof400hpgaspr00bobl
Thesis (B.S.)--Armour Institute of Technology; Includes bibliographical references(...
Show morehttp://www.archive.org/details/testof400hpgaspr00bobl
Thesis (B.S.)--Armour Institute of Technology; Includes bibliographical references( leaves 78-84) and index
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- Title
- EFFECTS OF THERMAL TREATMENTS ON ELISA DETECTION OF MILK PROTEINS
- Creator
- Lu, Yingshuang
- Date
- 2011-07-27, 2011-07
- Description
-
Cow’s milk allergy is one of the most prevalent food allergies in the United States. Commercial ELISA test kits, based on antigen-antibody...
Show moreCow’s milk allergy is one of the most prevalent food allergies in the United States. Commercial ELISA test kits, based on antigen-antibody reactions, are increasingly used by food manufacturers to detect the presence of allergen residues. Milk is a common ingredient used in a variety of foods that are subjected to different degrees of cooking. How thermal processing may affect the quantitative analysis of milk allergens by ELISA test kits needs to be determined. This study first examined the performance of four total protein assays (Pierce 660nm, Modified Lowry, Coomassie, BCA) for quantification of protein residues in thermally processed milk. BCA and Lowry assays were affected by lactose and its Maillard reaction byproducts resulting in the overestimation of protein concentrations in the samples. Pierce 660 nm assay was not affected and therefore was picked as the method for total protein analysis when evaluating commercial ELISA kits. Performances of four ELISA test kits (Veratox for Total Milk Allergen, BioKits BLG Assay Kits, ELISA SYSTEMS Casein and Beta-Lactoglobulin Residue assays) in comparison with the Pierce 660 nm assay for detection of thermally treated milk samples was also evaluated. NIST non-fat milk powder standard reference material 1549 and Backpacker’s Pantry Powdered Whole Milk were either heated in water at 60◦C, 63◦C, boiled, or autoclaved for 10 or 30 min, dry-heated in a mini-oven at 100 - 232◦C for 10 min, or fried in corn oil at 150◦C or 180◦C for 3 min in a deep fryer. Milk proteins in the oil samples were analyzed either directly or after extraction with phosphate-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween (PBST) followed by partitioning in hexane to remove residual oil. The results show that all four ELISA test kits were able to accurately quantify the amount of milk proteins in uncooked oils. Inclusion of the PBST/hexane extraction step prior to test kit analyses did not improve the detection. Elevated heat resulted in a lower level of proteins extracted. While the amount of protein residues determined by Veratox and ELISA SYSTEMS Casein kits were similar to those obtained by the Pierce assay, the BioKits BLG kits registered the highest amount of proteins in samples. On the other hand, ELISA SYSTEMS Beta-Lactoglobulin assay registered the lowest level of proteins in these samples. These results suggest that heat treatment could affect the solubility and possibly the antigenic properties of proteins. Depending on the test kits used, these changes could result in over- or underestimation of protein residues in thermally treated foods.
M.S. in Food Safety and Technology, July 2011
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- Title
- Sloan Valve Company (sequence unknown), IPRO 306 - Deliverables: IPRO 306 Poster F09
- Creator
- Delahanty, Sean, Jaouen, Julien, Thakkar, Hetul, Jones, Santiago Guerrero, Kim, Sung, Toor, Hammad, Jalan, Arjun, Soleja, Sikander, Zhang, Yayan
- Date
- 2009-12
- Description
-
Sloan Valve manufactures and distributes commercial valves and plumbing fixtures globally. The IPRO team will work to improve the 'procure to...
Show moreSloan Valve manufactures and distributes commercial valves and plumbing fixtures globally. The IPRO team will work to improve the 'procure to pay' process and also assist in the development of a new warehouse management module.
Sponsorship: Sloan Valve Company
Deliverables for IPRO 306: Sloan Valve for the fall 2009 semester.
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- Title
- Study of a selenium cell
- Creator
- Newlander, R. A.
- Date
- 2009, 1918
- Publisher
- Armour Institute of Technology
- Description
-
http://www.archive.org/details/studyofseleniumc00newl
Thesis (B.S.)--Armour Institute of Technology; Bibliography : leaf 33
- Title
- INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF NOROVIRUS TRANSFER DURING PREPARATION OF FRESH PRODUCE IN A FOOD SERVICE SETTING
- Creator
- Zhao, Heng
- Date
- 2013-04-24, 2013-05
- Description
-
Outbreaks of human norovirus are commonly attributed to fresh produce and multi-ingredient foods that have received significant handling...
Show moreOutbreaks of human norovirus are commonly attributed to fresh produce and multi-ingredient foods that have received significant handling immediately prior to consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gloved and ungloved hands on norovirus transfer during fresh produce preparation. The palm and fingers of bare or gloved (polyvinyl, vinyl or nitrile) hands were inoculated with approximately 7-log PFU/hand murine norovirus (MNV-1). Freshly chopped Romaine lettuce was handled by the contaminated hands, and then sampled to determine the transfer coefficient. MNV-1 transfer was also measured from chopped contaminated lettuce to clean bare or gloved hands. In addition, pulsed light was investigated, in a preliminary study, for its ability to inactivate MNV-1 on the surface of food contact surfaces including the various glove types and Romaine lettuce, and thus prevent the spread of contamination. Transfer of MNV-1 occurred more readily to (up to 45%) Romaine lettuce than from (less than 12%) it. Transfer to Romaine lettuce was greater (p<0.05) from vinyl gloves than bare hands and the other glove types tested, while no significant difference (p>0.05) in transfer from lettuce to the different glove types was observed. The results indicate that norovirus transfer can occur readily in a food service setting, and that transfer coefficients are affected by the type of surfaces involved. MNV-1 was reduced by pulsed light by >4-log within 30 sec on all surfaces except nitrile gloves, indicating the potential for this technology to be employed in a food service setting to control the spread of noroviruses during food preparation.
M.S. in Food Safety and Technology, May 2013
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- Title
- Gerry-meandering: An Assessment of the Congressional District Model of Depository Allocation (preprint): AhrensGriffinedrev1
- Creator
- Ahrens, Aric G., Griffin, Luke A.
- Date
- 2003-06
- Description
-
The preprint of a published article dealing with the effect of allocating Federal Depositories by Congressional district. Conclusions drawn...
Show moreThe preprint of a published article dealing with the effect of allocating Federal Depositories by Congressional district. Conclusions drawn include the fact that due to redistricting that occurs after each decennial census, over time some districts may have within their boundaries a greater number than the two depositories that Congressional district allocation was intended to produce. Likewise, over time shifting boundaries of districts have created districts that have no depositories whatsoever.
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- Title
- Speed-time curve study of electric railway load conditions
- Creator
- Banning, Thomas A., Jr
- Date
- 2009, 1907
- Publisher
- Armour Institute of Technology
- Description
-
http://www.archive.org/details/speedtimecurvest00bann
Thesis (B.S.)--Armour Institute of Technology
- Title
- Stochastic mechanism of color confinement, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
- Creator
- Kuvshinov, V.
- Date
- 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
- Publisher
- IIT Press
- Description
-
It is shown that in stochastic QCD a vacuum color quark is confined due to the interaction with environment, chaotic dynamics of Yang-Mills...
Show moreIt is shown that in stochastic QCD a vacuum color quark is confined due to the interaction with environment, chaotic dynamics of Yang-Mills-Higgsfields, decoherence of pure color state into mixed white (colorless) state and also squeezed, and entangled states appearance. Critical energy of order-chaos transition is obtained which depends on Higgs boson mass. Stochasticity is the root of color confinement disappearing of color at confinement radius.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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- Title
- the evolution of the south fork turning basin: Grilli_Evolution
- Creator
- Grilli, Graham
- Date
- 5/4/2011, 2011-05
- Description
-
a historical analysis of the South Fork Turning basin from 1833-2040 including proposals for future timeline. wetland remediation coupled with...
Show morea historical analysis of the South Fork Turning basin from 1833-2040 including proposals for future timeline. wetland remediation coupled with modular housing and adaptive reuse solutions. prototype for other potential developments along river's edge leading to healthier Great Lakes basin.
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- Title
- MULTIPLE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION EVENTS AND MODULATION OF OLFACTORY RESPONSES IN MOUSE OLFACTORY SENSORY NEURONS
- Creator
- Yu, Yiqun
- Date
- 2012-04-30, 2012-07
- Description
-
In the mammalian olfactory system, one olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses a single olfactory receptor (OR) gene. I studied two subsets...
Show moreIn the mammalian olfactory system, one olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses a single olfactory receptor (OR) gene. I studied two subsets of mouse OSNs, hereafter refered to as Ho-OSNs and AB-OSNs, in intact mouse olfactory turbinates using calcium imaging. Both of Ho-OSNs and AB-OSNs were located in the most ventral olfactory receptor zone. Ho-OSNs were specifically responsive to 2-heptanone (Ho), heptaldehyde (H) and cis-4-heptenal (cH). Dose-dependent analysis indicated that their responses to individual odorant was saturated within one logarithm unit of concentrations, a typical characteristic of isolated OSNs. Binary mixture and crossadpatation studies showed that these three odorants bound to the same binding sites in Ho-OSNs. However, these three structurally similar odorants activated distinct signaling pathways in Ho-OSNs. In detail, 2-heptanone-evoked intracellular calcium elevation was mediated by AC-cAMP signaling, while heptaldehyde triggered the PLC-DAG pathway. The cis-4-heptenal-evoked [Ca2+]i increases resulted from a combination of cAMP mediated activation and suppression involving PLC signaling. Furthermore, the PLCmediated intracellular calcium alteration was independent of IP3 signaling. A further complexity is that these olfactory receptors were able to interact with other types of Gprotein coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as purinergic receptors. I determined that both the P2X3 and P2Y2 receptor subtypes were expressed in Ho-OSNs. Application of purinergic agonists elevated [Ca2+]i increases in Ho-OSNs. It was discovered that the ATP-induced calcium response required either intracellular or extracellular calcium, while depletion of intracellular calcium stores blocked the UTP-evoked [Ca2+]i increases. Purinergic agonists were able to modulate the odor response in Ho-OSNs, and purinergic antagonist experiments showed that modulation of heptaldehyde-induced calcium responses was due to activation of P2X3 receptor subtypes while heptanone-induced calcium responses was not. Although AB-OSNs were found adjacent to Ho-OSNs, they had complete separate response profiles. AB-OSNs were sensitive to acetophenone (Ace) and benzaldehyde (Ben). In AB-OSNs, both acetophenone and benzaldehyde activated the PLC signaling pathway. Pharmacological characterization indicated that in AB-OSNs, P2X1 and P2Y2 receptors were present, which is different from that in Ho-OSNs. P2X and P2Y agonists modulated odorant responses in AB-OSNs. Purinergic signaling differentially regulated the various odorant responses in AB-OSNs. The acetophenoneevoked [Ca2+]i increases were negativly modulated through activation of the P2Y2 receptor, while the calcium response induced by benzaldehyde was modulated by P2X1 receptor activation. Collectively, these studies suggest that a complex signaling mechanism exists in OSNs, which has important implications for understanding the mechanism of information process in the olfactory system.
Ph.D. in Biology, July 2012
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- Title
- Advances in Understanding Supersonic Jet Screech: Review and Perspective
- Creator
- Raman, G.
- Date
- 1998-02
- Publisher
- Pergamon - Elsevier Science Ltd
- Description
-
Screech tones are produced by imperfectly expanded jets under certain conditions. This paper provides an overview of developments in the field...
Show moreScreech tones are produced by imperfectly expanded jets under certain conditions. This paper provides an overview of developments in the field of supersonic jet screech. The overview includes a historical background, summary of recent developments, and a critical assessment of our current understanding of screech. The subject material has been categorized as described in the table of contents given below. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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