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Title: Relationships Among Twitter Conversation Networks, Language Use, and Congressional Voting
Creator: Hemphill, Libby, Otterbacher, Jahna, Shapiro, Matthew A.
Date: 2012-12-20, 2012
Description: As Twitter becomes a more common means for officials to communicate with their constituents, it becomes more important that we understand just...
Show moreAs Twitter becomes a more common means for officials to communicate with their constituents, it becomes more important that we understand just how that communication relates to other political activities. Using data from 411 members of Congress' Twitter activity during the summer of 2011, we examine relationships among the resulting conversation networks, language use, and political behavior. The social networks that result from their communications have surprisingly low density and high diameter, indicating a level of independence that is surprising for a group so tightly connected offline. Our findings also indicate that officials frequently use Twitter to advertise their political positions and to provide information but rarely to request political action from their constituents or to recognize the good work of others. Our analysis suggests strong relationships between anti-social behaviors indicated by the loosely connected network and low incidence of pro-social conversations and polarized or extreme Congressional voting records.
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Title: Understanding Construction Workers’ Risk Decisions Using Cognitive Continuum Theory
Creator: Menches, Cindy L., Saxena, Jaya
Date: 2013-09-19, 2013-09-19
Description: The goal of the research presented in this article was to construct a theory about the influence of decision cues on intuitive and...
Show moreThe goal of the research presented in this article was to construct a theory about the influence of decision cues on intuitive and deliberative decision-making in high-hazard construction environments. Drawing from Cognitive Continuum Theory, the article specifies a framework for understanding why and how construction workers make decisions that lead to taking or avoiding physical risks when they encounter daily hazards. A secondary aim of the research was to construct a set of hypotheses about how specific decision cues influence whether a worker is more likely to engage their intuitive impulses or to use careful deliberation when responding to a hazard. These hypotheses are described in this article, and the efficacy of the hypotheses was evaluated using cross-tabulations and nonparametric measures of association. While most of the associations between decision cues and decision mode (i.e., intuition or deliberation) identified in this data set were generally modest, none of the associations were statistically zero, thus indicating that further research is warranted based on theoretical grounds. A rigorous program of theory testing is the next logical step to the research, and the article thus concludes with numerous suggestions for extending the research and testing the proposed hypotheses.
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Title: Korea's Environmental Sustainability Leadership in East Asia and Beyond
Creator: Shapiro, Matthew A.
Date: 2013, 2009

Title: Jobsite Characteristics that Influence Improvised Decision-making on Construction Sites
Creator: Kleps, Stephen M., Menches, Cindy
Date: 2013-10-07, 2013-10-07
Description: This article examines the relationship between specific construction project characteristics and the degree and speed that the foremen are...
Show moreThis article examines the relationship between specific construction project characteristics and the degree and speed that the foremen are able to improvise in response to disruptive events on the jobsite. Specifically, characteristics such as the number of crew members working under the supervision of a foreman, the occupancy status of the project (i.e., occupied or unoccupied) during construction, the stage of completion of the project, and the levels of turbulence, time pressure, cooperation, collaboration, and organization, were examined. Using a multilevel regression modeling approach, an analysis of 244 disruptions reported by 50 foremen was conducted to determine whether the construction project characteristics could predict more or less improvisation and faster or slower improvisation by the foreman. The findings indicate that on construction projects that are rated by the foremen as more organized, the foremen can make more modest improvised decisions to resolve a disruption, but that on construction projects that were rated by the foremen as more collaborative (i.e., involved joint decision-making), a greater degree of improvisation was deployed. In addition, it was found that on sites that were rated by the foremen as more cooperative (i.e., involved greater willingness to help each other), the foremen required more time to improvise their decisions.
Sponsorship: National Science Foundation
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Title: Challenge to the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: A Study of Northeast Asia and China
Creator: Shapiro, Matthew A.
Date: 2013, 2013
Description: This paper explores the phenomena of environmental coordination within Northeast Asia. I initially frame the discussion around claims that...
Show moreThis paper explores the phenomena of environmental coordination within Northeast Asia. I initially frame the discussion around claims that China is a pollution haven for its neighboring countries, and I look for evidence in the domestic and regional environmental institutions which challenge China’s pollution haven status. I find that that there is a science and technology-based epistemic community in Northeast Asia which provides an important theoretical response to counter the pollution haven hypothesis. As well, given its strong science and technological output, Japan is poised to assume leadership of the Northeast Asian environmental regime for at least the short- to medium-term.
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Title: Emotional reactions to variations in contract language
Creator: Menches, Cindy L., Dorn, Lawrence
Date: 2012-07-20, 2012-07-25
Description: This article introduces a theory of emotion-driven behavior in construction contracting and provides support for this theory by presenting the...
Show moreThis article introduces a theory of emotion-driven behavior in construction contracting and provides support for this theory by presenting the quantitative results of a study on the emotional reaction of individuals to the language in contract clauses. Four different versions of the standard Delay Clause found in most construction contracts were extracted from four different contracts and were presented to a group of 27 individuals. Participants rank ordered the clause versions from 1 (most negative) to 4 (most positive). Overall, Clause Version 2 was ranked as having the most negative contract language, with nearly 75% of the participants ranking it as most negative. In contrast, Clause Version 4 was ranked as having the most positive contract language, with over 50% of the participants ranking it as most positive. Participants likewise selected negative emotion words to describe their reaction to Clause Version 2 and positive emotion words to describe their reaction to Clause Version 4. The findings suggest that contract clauses that contain negative language do tend to generate negative emotional reactions while positive contract language do tend to generate positive emotional reactions.
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Title: Tweet Acts: How Constituents Lobby Congress via Twitter
Creator: Hemphill, Libby, Roback, Andrew
Date: 2014, 2014
Description: Twitter is increasingly becoming a medium through which constituents can lobby their elected representatives in Congress about issues that...
Show moreTwitter is increasingly becoming a medium through which constituents can lobby their elected representatives in Congress about issues that matter to them. Past research has focused on how citizens communicate with each other or how members of Congress (MOCs) use social media in general; our research examines how citizens communicate with MOCs. We contribute to existing literature through the careful examination of hundreds of citizen-authored tweets and the development of a categorization scheme to describe common strategies of lobbying on Twitter. Our findings show that contrary to past research that assumed citizens used Twitter to merely shout out their opinions on issues, citizens utilize a variety of sophisticated techniques to impact political outcomes.
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Title: IPRO 325: Bison Books
Creator: Chinzorig, Unubold, Johnson, Ashleigh, Kim, Hangyoung, Raymond, Lam, Lynch, Ryan, Popa, Ana, Rabindranath, Anjuli, Tejero, Carlos, Wade, Richard, Wagner, Zachery
Date: 2012-07-20, 2012-07-20
Description: Sponsorship: Bison Gear and Engineering

Title: IPro 336 Poster
Creator: Stanford, Eliza
Date: 2012-07-23, 2012-07-23
Description: IPro 336 Poster
IPro 336

Title: Doing What Others Do: Norms, Science, and Collective Action on Global Warming
Creator: Shapiro, Matthew A.
Date: 2013, 2013
Description: Does rhetoric highlighting social norms or mentioning science in a communication affect individuals’ beliefs about global warming and / or...
Show moreDoes rhetoric highlighting social norms or mentioning science in a communication affect individuals’ beliefs about global warming and / or willingness to take action? We draw from framing theory and collective-interest models of action to motivate hypotheses that are tested in two large web-based survey-experiments using convenience samples. Our results show that attitudes about global warming, support for policies that would reduce carbon emissions, and behavioral intentions to take voluntary action are strongly affected by norm-based and science-based interventions. This has implications for information campaigns targeting voluntary efforts to promote lifestyle changes that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Title: IPRO 306 Flyer
Creator: Ipro, 306
Date: 2012, 2012
Description: Sponsorship: AggreBind

Title: Survey Instruments for Flexible Decision-making in Response to Disruptions on Construction Sites
Creator: Menches, Cindy
Date: 2012, 2012
Description: The document is a compilation of the Baseline Assessment, Foreman Survey, and Exit Interview documents for National Science Foundation...
Show moreThe document is a compilation of the Baseline Assessment, Foreman Survey, and Exit Interview documents for National Science Foundation research project, CMMI-1100514, Flexible Decision-making in Response to Disruptive Events on Construction Sites.
Sponsorship: National Science Foundation, CMMI-1100514, Flexible Decision-making in Response to Disruptive Events on Construction Sites.
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Title: Data used to develop #Polar scores
Creator: Culotta, Aron, Hemphill, Libby, Heston, Matthew
Date: 2013, 2016
Description: We present a new approach to measuring political polarization, including a novel algorithm and open source Python code, which leverages...
Show moreWe present a new approach to measuring political polarization, including a novel algorithm and open source Python code, which leverages Twitter content to produce measures of polarization for both users and hashtags. #Polar scores provide advantages over existing measures because they (1) can be calculated throughout the legislative cycle, (2) allow for easy differentiation between users with similar scores, (3) are chamber-agnostic, and (4) are a generic approach that can be applied beyond the U.S. Congress. #Polar scores leverage available information such as party labels, word frequency, and hashtags to create an accessible, straightforward algorithm for estimating polarity using text. (from the paper: Hemphill, L., Culotta, A., and Heston, M. (forthcoming) #Polar Scores: Measuring partisanship using social media content. Journal of Information Technology & Politics.)
The dataset contains one plain text TSV file with the following information for each of the 55,244 tweets used to develop #Polar scores : tweet_id, created_at, user_id, screen_name, tag, shortid, sex, party, state, chamber, name. The file contains one row per hashtag, and therefore tweets may appear more than once. The Python code for calculating #Polar scores is available here: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.53888
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Title: Data from Tweet Acts: How Constituents Lobby Congress via Twitter
Creator: Hemphill, Libby, Roback, Andrew
Date: 2013-09-19, 2012
Description: Sponsorship: Amazon Web Services Education Grants Program
Data presented in a CSCW 2014 paper titled Tweet Acts: How Constituents Lobby...
Show moreSponsorship: Amazon Web Services Education Grants Program
Data presented in a CSCW 2014 paper titled Tweet Acts: How Constituents Lobby Congress via Twitter. Libby Hemphill and Andrew J. Roback. 2014. Tweet acts: how constituents lobby congress via Twitter. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing (CSCW '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1200-1210. DOI=10.1145/2531602.2531735http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2531602.2531735
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Title: Building science measurements in the Hospital Microbiome Project
Creator: Stephens, Brent
Date: 2014, 2014
Description: Sponsorship: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation’s program on the Microbiology of the Built Environment (Grant No. 2012-10-04)

Title: Empirical Modeling of Public Safety to Voice Traffic to Aid Emergency Capacity
Creator: Taher, Tanim, Bacchus, Roger
Date: 2012-04-18, 2012-04-18
Description: An RF measurement system with high time resolution is implemented to determine the statistical characteristics of various channels in the Land...
Show moreAn RF measurement system with high time resolution is implemented to determine the statistical characteristics of various channels in the Land Mobile Radio bands. The applicability of simple statistical models to the observed data is investigated, as well as their validity over short and long periods of time. The results show that the statistics of the idle and holding times of communication on these channels vary significantly over time and demonstrate daily periodicity, requiring non-stationary models to accurately represent them. Over short durations of time however, conventional distributions such as the exponential and lognormal may adequately characterize the properties of these quantities, allowing convenient and compact representations of the data. Results based on empirical data are presented to quantify the probability of stationarity for voice traffic within a time span of given length. The findings are useful for network planning or streamlining, network simulation and modeling, and investigation of dynamic spectrum access.
Sponsorship: National Science Foundation, Federal Communications Commission, Motorola, Cleversafe, Roberson & Associates LLC
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