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Title: Optimization of Large-Scale NOMA With Incidence Matrix Design and Physical Layer Security
Creator: Hwang, Eli W.
Date: 2024
Description: The Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) system is recognized for its capability to achieve higher spectral efficiency and massive...
Show moreThe Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) system is recognized for its capability to achieve higher spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. NOMA is intended to transmit massive user communications. The incidence matrix governs the relationship between users and resources for the Code domain NOMA (CD-NOMA). However, NOMA studies focus less on the design and optimization of the incidence matrix.Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the development of a secure and large-scale NOMA system based on incidence matrix design. The main contributions are outlined as follows: Firstly, this research introduces a novel NOMA system. Distinct from existing studies, the NOMA system is based on combinatorial design. This innovative approach, coupled with a unique constellation design, eliminates the surjective mapping from the linear adding data of multiusers, reducing the complexity of constellation design and Multiuser Detection (MUD). The characteristics of the incidence matrix designs, Simple Orthogonal Multi-Arrays (SOMA), are explored, which display a distinct Latin Square pattern. The SOMA design's unique structure allows for the creation of a highly flexible and fair resource allocation matrix. The NOMA system's theoretical performance analysis equations are established, supporting dynamic adaptability and optimization. The design is validated by Monte Carlo simulation. Compared to other NOMA schemes, it offers higher degrees of freedom and lower complexity while maintaining graceful error rates to transmit a larger number of users. Secondly, a novel NOMA system utilizing incidence matrix information in the uplink is investigated. The incidence matrix pattern is exploited for MUD to achieve large-scale user connectivity. The incidence matrix is designed based on two critical mathematical concepts: parallel classes in hypergraph theory and orthogonal arrays (OAs) in combinatorial designs. Unlike other NOMA schemes, which require modification of their receiver and transmitter to decode superimposed multiuser signals, the unique pattern of the OA structure enables the use of conventional modulators. Consequently, the system load increases and the complexity and latency are reduced. The order of magnitude of the decoding complexity can be significantly reduced from O(N^3) to O(N) compared to the conventional minimum mean-square estimation (MMSE) decoder. Monte Carlo simulation validates that this novel NOMA system outperforms other NOMA designs in terms of error rate, data rate, and system size. Finally, a reconfigurable convolutional encoder design that integrates security and error correction based on physical layer security (PLS) and randomness is developed. This design addresses concerns over privacy, security, and reliability of Internet of Things devices in edge computing networks. The lightweight Convolutional encoders are designed to ensure security by updating the transfer function dynamically with user data. The reconfigurability of the design is achieved by replacing the fixed adder that represents the generator polynomials with the switch adder, enabling the use of 87 billion distinct updating structures, thereby enhancing the versatility of the design. BER-based PLS paradigms are demonstrated in the simulation. In the simulation, the robustness and randomness of this design are further validated through tests suggested by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators, such as the monobits, longest one, and run tests.
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Title: A Kernel-Free Boundary Integral Method for Two-Dimensional Magnetostatics Analysis
Creator: Jin, Zichao
Date: 2023
Description: Performing magnetostatic analysis accurately and efficiently is crucial for the multi-objective optimization of electromagnetic device designs...
Show morePerforming magnetostatic analysis accurately and efficiently is crucial for the multi-objective optimization of electromagnetic device designs. Therefore, an accurate and computationally efficient method is essential. Kernel Free Boundary Integral Method is a numerical method that can accurately and efficiently solve partial differential equations. Unlike traditional boundary integral or boundary element methods, KFBIM does not require an analytical form of Green’s function for evaluating integrals via numerical quadrature. Instead, KFBIM computes integrals by solving an equivalent interface problem on a Cartesian mesh. Compared with traditional finite difference methods for solving the governing PDEs directly, KFBIM produces a well-conditioned linear system. Therefore, the numerical solution of KFBIM is not sensitive to computer round-off errors, and the KFBIM requires only a fixed number of iterations when an iterative method (e.g., GMRES) is applied to solve the linear system.In this research, the KFBIM is introduced for solving magnetic computations in a toroidal core geometry in 2D. This study is very relevant in designing and optimizing toroidal inductors or transformers used in electrical systems, where lighter weight, higher inductance, higher efficiency, and lower leakage flux are required. The results are then compared with a commercial finite element solver (ANSYS), which shows excellent agreement. It should be noted that, compared with FEM, the KFBIM does not require a body-fitted mesh and can achieve high accuracy with a coarse mesh. In particular, the magnetic potential and tangential field intensity calculations on the boundaries are more stable and exhibit almost no oscillations.Furthermore, although KFBIM is accurate and computationally efficient, sharp corners can be a significant problem for KFBIM. Therefore, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based geometry reconstruction is explored to overcome this challenge for smoothening sharp corners. A toroidal core with an airgap (C-core) is modeled to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in addressing the sharp corner problem. A numerical example demonstrates that the method works for the variable coefficient PDE. In addition, magnetostatic analysis for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous material is presented for the reconstructed geometry, and results carried out from KFBIM are compared with the results of FEM analysis for the original geometry to show the differences and the potential of the proposed method.
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Title: Modeling and Optimization of Embedded Active Flow Control Systems
Creator: Henry, James M.
Date: 2024
Description: This thesis presents research focused on the aerodynamic performance of circulation control on two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional wings...
Show moreThis thesis presents research focused on the aerodynamic performance of circulation control on two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional wings. Aerodynamic loads, namely lift, drag, and moment coefficients, are measured through Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) modeling and wind tunnel experiment. A simplified and parameterized RANS model is presented as a rapidly iterable approach to estimating the performance of trailing-edge circulation control on two dimensional airfoils, with the hypothesis that an optimized airfoil shape can be found which maximizes the lift coefficient increment generated by circulation control, through modification of the wing profile. The simplified modeling setup is compared with more conventional approaches to numerical simulation of circulation control. The performance of the simplified modeling scheme is then compared with wind tunnel studies, for both steady-state and dynamic performance, as functions of both momentum coefficient dCμ and chord-based Reynolds number Re_c. The dynamic performance for the model is studied to find an analog to the theoretical unsteady models of Wagner and Theodorsen. An adjoint optimization framework is used to find an optimal airfoil profile for circulation control. The optimized profile is then compared in both a simulation and a wind tunnel test study against a NACA0015 airfoil. In simulation, improvement between 12% and 15% is seen for the lift control authority for all values of dCμ and Re_c tested. In experiment, the optimized profile demonstrated improvements of up to 28% in lift control authority, dCL/dCμfor values of Cμ, and decreased performance for higher values of Cμ.
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Title: Evaluation of the efficacy of power ultrasound technology coupled with organic acids to reduce listeria monocytogenes on peaches and apples
Creator: Joshi, Mayura Anand
Date: 2024
Description: Fresh fruits and vegetables are prone to microbial contamination throughout different phases of human handling, processing, transportation,...
Show moreFresh fruits and vegetables are prone to microbial contamination throughout different phases of human handling, processing, transportation, and distribution. Emerging technologies, such as power ultrasound, have received attention due to their capacity to reduce or eliminate foodborne bacterial pathogens on these commodities. Power ultrasound, when combined with certain antimicrobials, has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable tool for washing fresh produce. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of power ultrasound combined with organic acids on the reduction of Listeria monocytogenes on fruits. In this study, peaches and apples were subjected to surface inoculation with a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes and dried for 1 h. Stomacher bags, containing 225 mL of citric, lactic, or malic acids at concentrations of 1%, 2%, or 5%, were employed for treating inoculated peaches and apples. The acid treatment was used alone, or in combination with power ultrasound for 2, 5, or 10 min. Water was used for controls. Before treatment, the initial population of L. monocytogenes on apples was lower compared to the initial population on peaches, with apples showing a 1.94 log CFU/fruit reduction. Water controls demonstrated no significant log reduction in both apples and peaches. The greatest L. monocytogenes reduction on apples occurred when treated with 1% citric acid for 2 min with power ultrasound where L. monocytogenes was significantly reduced from 6.98±0.88 log CFU/fruit to 5.56±0.91 log CFU/fruit. The greatest L. monocytogenes reduction on peaches occurred when treated with 5% citric acid for 5 min with power ultrasound where L. monocytogenes was significantly reduced from 7.44±0.45 log CFU/fruit to 6.68±0.40 log CFU/fruit. Overall, the combined effect of acid and power ultrasound was more pronounced in apples than in peaches. The survival of L. monocytogenes on apples and peaches appeared to be highly dependent on the specific treatment and hurdle technology applied. The combination of ultrasound hurdle technology with acid washing has proven effective in reducing L. monocytogenes on both peaches and apples, with a more significant impact observed on apples. While acid washing is a more economical option compared to ultrasound technology, the efficiency of microorganism reduction is considerably enhanced when power ultrasound is combined with organic acids. Looking ahead, the development of cost-effective power ultrasound methods could facilitate widespread adoption of ultrasound hurdle technology in the produce industry.
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Title: Marnie Averitt and Jay Doblin in Sparky the Electric Auto, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1961-1963
Date: 1961-1963
Description: Photograph of Marnie Averitt and Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in Sparky, an electric car developed by Averitt, an ID graduate student....
Show morePhotograph of Marnie Averitt and Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in Sparky, an electric car developed by Averitt, an ID graduate student. In 1961, Averitt received a design award for Sparky from Alcoa, sponsor of the student design competition at ID. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and Jay Doblin in the background, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin in the background. The chair...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin in the background. The chair is most likely inside of S.R. Crown Hall, with Sugiyama and Doblin outside, on the other side of one of the building's glass panes. The chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate. Pencil inscription on verso reads "Alcoa (Pitts.)."
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama and Jay Doblin with Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, with Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair. The chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the background, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, with ID Dean Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, with ID Dean Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the background, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology. The Ribbon Chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin with unidentified Institute of Design students, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1955-1965
Date: 1955-1965
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin and unidentified ID students on the lower level of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin and unidentified ID students on the lower level of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin in Japan, ca. 1959
Date: 1959
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in a Japan, likely taken ca. 1959, when Doblin was invited to Japan by the Ministry of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in a Japan, likely taken ca. 1959, when Doblin was invited to Japan by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to assess and consult on the state of Japanese design. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin with unidentified Institute of Design students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1955-1965
Date: 1955-1965
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology....
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin
Description: Photograph of Jay Doblin. Doblin was Dean of the Institute of Design from 1955 until 1969. After his departure as Dean, Doblin remained on the...
Show morePhotograph of Jay Doblin. Doblin was Dean of the Institute of Design from 1955 until 1969. After his departure as Dean, Doblin remained on the faculty at ID until his death in 1989. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1987-1988
Creator: Pacific Lutheran University
Date: 1987-1988
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma,...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1988.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for an art exhibition featuring Mary Henry and Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery, Langley, Washington, 1988, recto
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009, Sweeney, Mike, Childer/Proctor Gallery
Date: 1988
Description: Promotional postcard for an art exhibition pairing the paintings of Mary Henry with the sculptures of Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery...
Show morePromotional postcard for an art exhibition pairing the paintings of Mary Henry with the sculptures of Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery, Langley, Washington, 1988. The recto contains a detail of one of Mary Henry's paintings and an image of one of Mike Sweeney's sculptures.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's work at the Bellevue Art Museum, 2001, verso
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009, Bellevue Art Museum (Wash.)
Date: 2001
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's North Slope Paintings show and No Limits, a 360-degree, walk-in mural designed by Mary Henry that was...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's North Slope Paintings show and No Limits, a 360-degree, walk-in mural designed by Mary Henry that was painted in the second floor gallery at the Bellevue Art Museum (now Bellevue Arts Museum), Bellevue, Washington, 2001. The recto of the postcard contains a detail of Henry's Bellevue Art Museum Mural (2001).
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for an art exhibition featuring Mary Henry and Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery, Langley, Washington, 1988
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009, Sweeney, Mike, Childer/Proctor Gallery
Date: 1988
Description: Promotional postcard for an art exhibition pairing the paintings of Mary Henry with the sculptures of Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery...
Show morePromotional postcard for an art exhibition pairing the paintings of Mary Henry with the sculptures of Mike Sweeney at Childers/Proctor Gallery, Langley, Washington, 1988. The recto contains a detail of one of Mary Henry's paintings and an image of one of Mike Sweeney's sculptures.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's work at the Bellevue Art Museum, 2001
Creator: Henry, Mary Dill, 1913-2009, Bellevue Art Museum (Wash.)
Date: 2001
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's North Slope Paintings show and No Limits, a 360-degree, walk-in mural designed by Mary Henry that was...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's North Slope Paintings show and No Limits, a 360-degree, walk-in mural designed by Mary Henry that was painted in the second floor gallery at the Bellevue Art Museum (now Bellevue Arts Museum), Bellevue, Washington, 2001. The recto of the postcard contains a detail of Henry's Bellevue Art Museum Mural (2001).
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1987-1988, verso
Creator: Pacific Lutheran University
Date: 1987-1988
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma,...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1988.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's show Selected Works at Whatcom Museum of History and Art, Bellingham, Washington, February 6-April 17, 1988, verso
Creator: Whatcom Museum
Date: 1988
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Selected Works at Whatcom Museum of History and Art, Bellingham, Washington, February 6-April 17,...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Selected Works at Whatcom Museum of History and Art, Bellingham, Washington, February 6-April 17, 1988.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1987-1988, recto
Creator: Pacific Lutheran University
Date: 1987-1988
Description: Promotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma,...
Show morePromotional postcard for Mary Henry's show Recent Paintings and Drawings at the University Gallery, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, 1988.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

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