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Title: Modeling and Optimization of Embedded Active Flow Control Systems
Creator: Henry, James M.
Date: 2024
Description: This thesis presents research focused on the aerodynamic performance of circulation control on two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional wings...
Show moreThis thesis presents research focused on the aerodynamic performance of circulation control on two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional wings. Aerodynamic loads, namely lift, drag, and moment coefficients, are measured through Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) modeling and wind tunnel experiment. A simplified and parameterized RANS model is presented as a rapidly iterable approach to estimating the performance of trailing-edge circulation control on two dimensional airfoils, with the hypothesis that an optimized airfoil shape can be found which maximizes the lift coefficient increment generated by circulation control, through modification of the wing profile. The simplified modeling setup is compared with more conventional approaches to numerical simulation of circulation control. The performance of the simplified modeling scheme is then compared with wind tunnel studies, for both steady-state and dynamic performance, as functions of both momentum coefficient dCμ and chord-based Reynolds number Re_c. The dynamic performance for the model is studied to find an analog to the theoretical unsteady models of Wagner and Theodorsen. An adjoint optimization framework is used to find an optimal airfoil profile for circulation control. The optimized profile is then compared in both a simulation and a wind tunnel test study against a NACA0015 airfoil. In simulation, improvement between 12% and 15% is seen for the lift control authority for all values of dCμ and Re_c tested. In experiment, the optimized profile demonstrated improvements of up to 28% in lift control authority, dCL/dCμfor values of Cμ, and decreased performance for higher values of Cμ.
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Title: Evaluation of the efficacy of power ultrasound technology coupled with organic acids to reduce listeria monocytogenes on peaches and apples
Creator: Joshi, Mayura Anand
Date: 2024
Description: Fresh fruits and vegetables are prone to microbial contamination throughout different phases of human handling, processing, transportation,...
Show moreFresh fruits and vegetables are prone to microbial contamination throughout different phases of human handling, processing, transportation, and distribution. Emerging technologies, such as power ultrasound, have received attention due to their capacity to reduce or eliminate foodborne bacterial pathogens on these commodities. Power ultrasound, when combined with certain antimicrobials, has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable tool for washing fresh produce. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of power ultrasound combined with organic acids on the reduction of Listeria monocytogenes on fruits. In this study, peaches and apples were subjected to surface inoculation with a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes and dried for 1 h. Stomacher bags, containing 225 mL of citric, lactic, or malic acids at concentrations of 1%, 2%, or 5%, were employed for treating inoculated peaches and apples. The acid treatment was used alone, or in combination with power ultrasound for 2, 5, or 10 min. Water was used for controls. Before treatment, the initial population of L. monocytogenes on apples was lower compared to the initial population on peaches, with apples showing a 1.94 log CFU/fruit reduction. Water controls demonstrated no significant log reduction in both apples and peaches. The greatest L. monocytogenes reduction on apples occurred when treated with 1% citric acid for 2 min with power ultrasound where L. monocytogenes was significantly reduced from 6.98±0.88 log CFU/fruit to 5.56±0.91 log CFU/fruit. The greatest L. monocytogenes reduction on peaches occurred when treated with 5% citric acid for 5 min with power ultrasound where L. monocytogenes was significantly reduced from 7.44±0.45 log CFU/fruit to 6.68±0.40 log CFU/fruit. Overall, the combined effect of acid and power ultrasound was more pronounced in apples than in peaches. The survival of L. monocytogenes on apples and peaches appeared to be highly dependent on the specific treatment and hurdle technology applied. The combination of ultrasound hurdle technology with acid washing has proven effective in reducing L. monocytogenes on both peaches and apples, with a more significant impact observed on apples. While acid washing is a more economical option compared to ultrasound technology, the efficiency of microorganism reduction is considerably enhanced when power ultrasound is combined with organic acids. Looking ahead, the development of cost-effective power ultrasound methods could facilitate widespread adoption of ultrasound hurdle technology in the produce industry.
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Title: Marnie Averitt and Jay Doblin in Sparky the Electric Auto, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1961-1963
Date: 1961-1963
Description: Photograph of Marnie Averitt and Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in Sparky, an electric car developed by Averitt, an ID graduate student....
Show morePhotograph of Marnie Averitt and Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in Sparky, an electric car developed by Averitt, an ID graduate student. In 1961, Averitt received a design award for Sparky from Alcoa, sponsor of the student design competition at ID. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and Jay Doblin in the background, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin in the background. The chair...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair, with Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin in the background. The chair is most likely inside of S.R. Crown Hall, with Sugiyama and Doblin outside, on the other side of one of the building's glass panes. The chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate. Pencil inscription on verso reads "Alcoa (Pitts.)."
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama and Jay Doblin with Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and ID Dean Jay Doblin on the steps of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, with Sugiyama's Ribbon Chair. The chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the background, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, with ID Dean Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design student Takatsugu Sugiyama and his Ribbon Chair, with ID Dean Jay Doblin and an unidentified man in the background, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology. The Ribbon Chair consists of a single sheet of aluminum, rolled into a ribbon shape and bound to an aluminum base. The chair was designed in response to a call from the Alcoa company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, asking for ID students to design chairs out of a single sheet of aluminum. Sugiyama's design was recognized and awarded by Alcoa. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin with unidentified Institute of Design students, S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1955-1965
Date: 1955-1965
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin and unidentified ID students on the lower level of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin and unidentified ID students on the lower level of S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin in Japan, ca. 1959
Date: 1959
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in a Japan, likely taken ca. 1959, when Doblin was invited to Japan by the Ministry of...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin in a Japan, likely taken ca. 1959, when Doblin was invited to Japan by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to assess and consult on the state of Japanese design. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin with unidentified Institute of Design students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1955-1965
Date: 1955-1965
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology....
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and a car chassis, Illinois Institute of Technology. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin
Description: Photograph of Jay Doblin. Doblin was Dean of the Institute of Design from 1955 until 1969. After his departure as Dean, Doblin remained on the...
Show morePhotograph of Jay Doblin. Doblin was Dean of the Institute of Design from 1955 until 1969. After his departure as Dean, Doblin remained on the faculty at ID until his death in 1989. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Tidal Blossom
Creator: Pertha, Hilda
Date: 1980
Description: Tidal Blossom, an ink painting by Hilda Pertha. Pertha, who moved to Mendocino, California in 1979, was a friend of Mary Henry's, and likely...
Show moreTidal Blossom, an ink painting by Hilda Pertha. Pertha, who moved to Mendocino, California in 1979, was a friend of Mary Henry's, and likely gifted this painting to Henry.
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Collection: Mary Dill Henry Papers, 1913-2021

Title: Jay Doblin with unidentified Institute of Design students, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1955-1965
Date: 1955-1965
Description: Photograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and the interior of a partially constructed vehicle, Illinois...
Show morePhotograph of Institute of Design Dean Jay Doblin with unidentified ID students and the interior of a partially constructed vehicle, Illinois Institute of Technology. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date range listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Jay Doblin's People Chair with an unidentified aluminum chair, ca. 1960
Date: 1960
Description: Photograph of Jay Doblin's People Chair (right), along with another aluminum chair prototype (left), creator unknown. Doblin, then Dean of the...
Show morePhotograph of Jay Doblin's People Chair (right), along with another aluminum chair prototype (left), creator unknown. Doblin, then Dean of the Institute of Design, designed the People Chair as part of a campaign sponsored by the Alcoa Corporation. It is assumed that the unidentified chair was also designed for this competition. Photographer unknown. Date of photograph is unknown. Date listed is approximate.
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Collection: Institute of Design records, 1942-2001

Title: Pilgrim Baptist Church, Chicago, Illinois, ca. 1964
Creator: Weil, F. Peter
Date: 1964
Description: Pilgrim Baptist Church (3301 S. Indiana Ave, Chicago, IL) photographed by Institute of Design student F. Peter Weil. Date is estimated as 1964...
Show morePilgrim Baptist Church (3301 S. Indiana Ave, Chicago, IL) photographed by Institute of Design student F. Peter Weil. Date is estimated as 1964 from other evidence in the collection.
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Collection: F. Peter Weil photographs, 1952-1964

Title: Correlating Microstructural Properties to Macroscopic Shear Mechanics to Improve the Understanding of Tissue Biomechanics
Creator: Cahoon, Stacey Marie
Date: 2023
Description: Understanding tissue biomechanics is of interest for modeling organ injury from external loads, development of tissue surrogate materials, and...
Show moreUnderstanding tissue biomechanics is of interest for modeling organ injury from external loads, development of tissue surrogate materials, and creating new biomarkers for disease. Probing the response of soft tissue in shear can provide information on histopathology, provided a methodology exists that connects the macroscopic mechanical properties with cell-level properties. Two of the available methods to measure the macroscopic shear viscoelastic properties of soft tissue are oscillatory shear rheometry and ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE). Due to its accuracy, rheometry is the gold standard, but it is destructive, requires excised homogeneous samples, and can only be applied ex-vivo. SWE is an emerging non-invasive imaging technique which requires validation, ostensibly by comparing with rheometry. Histology is the gold standard for providing morphological information on the cell level, which can determine tissue pathology. The challenge is to connect the macroscopic mechanical metrics derived from SWE and rheometry to the tissue microstructure. To address this challenge, mathematical models can be used that employ multiple, judiciously chosen measurements of macroscopic shear properties and histology to estimate intrinsic mechanical properties at the cell level.A class of homogeneous and composite lipid phantoms mimicking the mechanical properties of brain white matter were fabricated to test a novel stereotactic system and an optimized SWE imaging protocol. The shear stiffness measurements obtained with SWE on the whole phantom were validated with rheometry performed on a series of samples made with the same material as the phantoms. The same procedure was applied to porcine brain white matter excised from fresh whole brains (n=3). Cylindrical cores were extracted from the corpus callosum area, sliced into discs and microscopic sections were subsequently removed for histology. Good agreement was found between the SWE and rheometry measurements of shear stiffness, which generally increases with the level of compressive prestress. Immunofluorescence was used to stain separately the axon neurofilaments and myelin sheaths, and digital image analysis of the confocal microscopy images allowed the estimation of axon volume fraction and axon-to-myelin ratio in the corpus callosum. Using these metrics and a composite mechanical model, a connection between the macroscopic shear measurements and the viscoelastic properties of axon and glia matrix was made for porcine brain tissue. Similarly, rheometry was used to measure the macroscopic properties of decellularized porcine myocardium extracellular matrix (ECM) in two different fiber locations, and for three different fiber orientations. The mechanical properties were found to be dependent upon fiber location, but not on fiber orientation. Since collagen is a primary supportive structure for the ECM, several microscopic slices were probed with immunofluorescence to compute the collagen I and collagen IV volume fractions. Another mechanical model was employed to establish a connection between the macroscopic properties and the mechanical properties of the collagen matrix in decellularized porcine myocardial ECM.This dissertation highlights the use and integration of three different experimental techniques (rheometry, ultrasound SWE, and histology) to correlate key microstructural properties of soft, fibrous tissues (ex-vivo healthy porcine brain white matter and myocardium ECM) with macroscopic shear mechanics. The consideration of the effect of compressive prestress is noteworthy. The reported baseline data for the tissues under shear loading and prestress are pertinent to the physiological function of these tissues, and therefore constitute preliminary data and a necessary first step before a systematic study of the biomechanics of the same tissues in vivo is performed.
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