Using tweets posted with #SOPA and #PIPA hashtags and directed at members of Congress, we identify six strategies constituents employ when... Show moreUsing tweets posted with #SOPA and #PIPA hashtags and directed at members of Congress, we identify six strategies constituents employ when using Twitter to lobby their elected officials. In contrast to earlier research, we found that constituents do use Twitter to try to engage their officials and not just as a “soapbox” to express their opinions. Show less
Paper presented at #IR16 the annual conference of the Association of Internet Researchers Paper presented at #IR16 the annual conference of the... Show morePaper presented at #IR16 the annual conference of the Association of Internet Researchers Paper presented at #IR16 the annual conference of the Association of Internet Researchers Show less
Twitter is increasingly becoming a medium through which constituents can lobby their elected representatives in Congress about issues that... Show moreTwitter is increasingly becoming a medium through which constituents can lobby their elected representatives in Congress about issues that matter to them. Past research has focused on how citizens communicate with each other or how members of Congress (MOCs) use social media in general; our research examines how citizens communicate with MOCs. We contribute to existing literature through the careful examination of hundreds of citizen-authored tweets and the development of a categorization scheme to describe common strategies of lobbying on Twitter. Our findings show that contrary to past research that assumed citizens used Twitter to merely shout out their opinions on issues, citizens utilize a variety of sophisticated techniques to impact political outcomes. Show less
From the paper: The conventional understanding of how elected officials affect the policy agenda is based in arguments that they use symbols... Show moreFrom the paper: The conventional understanding of how elected officials affect the policy agenda is based in arguments that they use symbols and rhetoric to propagate the problem, and that this happens primarily through the traditional media. The arguments presented in this article are largely consistent with this but account for the function of social media. More specifically, and framed by indexing theory, we argue that social media enhances opportunities for policy agenda builders in the U.S. Congress to share information with journalists. Across the key policy issues of 2013, tests for congruence between politicians’ Twitter posts and New York Times articles confirm a connection, particularly for the policy issue areas of the economy, immigration, health care, and marginalized groups. Simultaneous discussion and debate between Democrats and Republicans about a particular policy issue area, however, negatively impacts how the New York Times indexes a particular issue. Here we provide single Excel file of all the hashtags posted by members of Congress to Twitter during 2013. The file contains three columns: datetime, hashtag, and twitter_username. The datetime indicates when a tweet was posted. The hashtag indicates what hashtag a user posted at that time (tweets may contain multiple tags). Twitter_username is the Twitter handle of the account that posted a tweet with that hashtag at that time. We created a list of member of Congress Twitter accounts by looking up each member and checking with Govtrack.us and congress.gov information. Please cite our paper: Shapiro, M. A. and Hemphill, L. (in press) Agenda Building & Indexing: Does the U.S. Congress Direct New York Times Content through Twitter? Policy & Internet. Show less