Acute and chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Given the suboptimal... Show moreAcute and chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Given the suboptimal management of pain in SCD and serious health risks associated with current treatment methods for pain, there is a need to identify factors associated with pain that impact functional outcomes and depression. The fear-avoidance (FA) model of chronic pain has been examined in other chronic pain populations as a means to understand how pain-related cognitive and behavioral factors contribute to functional impairment and depression, but has not been applied in individuals with SCD. The purpose of the present study was to apply the FA model of chronic pain to adults with SCD via mediation analyses. Additionally, mental flexibility was examined as a possible moderator in the FA model. Results demonstrated that pain catastrophizing mediated the relationship between pain severity and pain-related fear. No other mediators within the model were identified. Additionally, results did not demonstrate that mental flexibility moderated the relationship between pain severity and pain catastrophizing. Post-hoc exploratory analyses demonstrated that pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear significantly predicted functional impairment and depression, respectively, above and beyond pain severity. Overall, results suggest that the FA model of chronic pain does not apply to individuals with SCD and the predictive roles that pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear play in functional impairment and depression are not consistent with results in other chronic pain populations. Further studies are needed to identify factors that explain the relationship between pain, functional impairment, and depression so that these factors may be targeted for intervention as a means to improve pain, mood, and functional independence. Ph.D. in Psychology, July 2017 Show less
Assessing impairment in daily functioning is an important part of a mental health evaluation and of monitoring progress in treatment. The... Show moreAssessing impairment in daily functioning is an important part of a mental health evaluation and of monitoring progress in treatment. The Seasonality Assessment Form (SAF; Young, et al., 2014) included a measure to assess the degree of impairment in daily functioning associated with these symptoms. The 5 yes/no impairment items were written to reflect the ways that patients intuitively describe their levels of impairment. However, the items are not mutually exclusive and are not summative so that impairment severity is represented by the configural pattern of responses. This paper examined the nature of response patterns and how to use them to generate an impairment severity score. M.S. in Psychology, May 2016 Show less
