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- Title
- Effect of Stress Triaxiality and Lode Angle on Ductile Fracture
- Creator
- Nia, Mahan
- Date
- 2023
- Description
-
Although many ductile damage accumulation studies have been done in recent years, there is still insufficient research towards the development...
Show moreAlthough many ductile damage accumulation studies have been done in recent years, there is still insufficient research towards the development of ductile fracture models, mainly due to the difficulty of performing experiments under different states of multiaxial stress. The goals of this Ph.D. research are to (i) produce much-needed experimental data, (ii) investigate the performance of existing models against these data, and (iii) develop a new predictive ductile fracture model validated by experiments. The new model seeks to predict the fracture strain as a function of the stress triaxiality and normalized Lode angle. One of the prominent works in this area was done by Bai and Wierzbicki in 2008 by testing 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. They proposed an asymmetric 3D empirical fracture model with six model parameters. Thus, the Bai method was investigated alongside a new model for predicting ductile fracture. For that purpose, 2139-T8 aluminum alloy was chosen for our experimental program to evaluate these models better, and the data extracted from Bai's work was also used as an additional data set. An extensive experimental program was considered to create different stress states in the material, including tensile tests (with round smooth and four round notched and plate specimens), torsion, compression (with four smooth and two notched specimens), and shear-compression experiments (two different sizes). The specimens were longitudinally machined from a block of 2139-T8 aluminum alloy. The combined effects of two variables, stress triaxiality and normalized Lode angle, define a 3D fracture envelope for fracture strain. A parallel FE simulation (fine-tuned by the experimental results) has been performed for each experiment to evaluate the evolution of stress triaxiality and Lode angle in the gauge section of the specimens with complicated geometries. Finally, these results were used in developing two predictive fracture models. The first model is based on the Bai-Wierzbicki form of fracture. The second one is a new model that has been presented in this research. This new model is a modification of the Johnson-Cook fracture model and considers the simultaneous effects of Lode angle and stress triaxiality in fracture. The original Johnson-Cook fracture model (1984) does not consider the Lode angle effect. In the end, errors in the proposed approach to modeling ductile fracture have been compared to errors from Bai's work, resulting in the conclusions and recommendations for future studies.
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- Title
- Capital Design: The Role of Design in Institutional Capital Allocation
- Creator
- Ostapchuk, Jordan
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
There is a paradox within the $100 trillion institutional investment industry: the more choices an institutional investor has, the more...
Show moreThere is a paradox within the $100 trillion institutional investment industry: the more choices an institutional investor has, the more challenging it becomes to make investment decisions. This paradox is significant because capital is one of the most transformational elements of the 21st century, driven by financialization, universal ownership, and increasing systemic risks. The direction of capital flows significantly influences the approach to addressing climate change, aging populations, and the transition to sustainable energy, in addition to supporting the essential physical and social infrastructure supported by institutional capital. This research proposes and substantiates a novel hypothesis: design can significantly influence capital allocation in institutional investment contexts. Through an institutional case study, expert interviews, workshops with master’s level design students, and systems-informed reflective practice, this research identifies asset classes as an important and changeable lens through which institutions engage with the future. It explores how these asset classes shape choices in the capital allocation process and identifies eight design capabilities particularly suited for institutional investment contexts. In doing so, it introduces a framework termed Capital Design. This framework illustrates how design can influence institutional capital allocation by integrating these design capabilities with investment tools through informational lenses within a choice/knowledge map. As a result, Capital Design offers an innovative approach for investors and investees to reorient toward emergent asset categories that directly meet the most urgent societal needs.
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- Title
- Ground Monitors to Support Navigation Operations of ARAIM and GBAS
- Creator
- Patel, Jaymin Harshadkumar
- Date
- 2023
- Description
-
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) currently provides safehorizontal navigation guidance to en route civil aircraft using the GPS...
Show moreReceiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) currently provides safehorizontal navigation guidance to en route civil aircraft using the GPS L1 frequency. As an evolution of RAIM, Advanced RAIM (ARAIM) is being developed to provide vertical guidance in addition to horizontal using multiple constellations and dual frequency thus facilitating precision approach without ground support for civil aircraft. However, navigation guidance during zero-visibility (Category III) precision landing requires an additional support in real time from a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS). To improve the aircraft navigation solution, GBAS broadcasts a differential correction and monitors any failure on transmitted satellite signals. This dissertation contributes to ARAIM and GBAS to improve existing navigation operations in order to enable precision approach and landing.The achievable performance of ARAIM is highly dependent on the assumptionson a constellation’s nominal Signal-In-Space (SIS) error models and a priori fault probability. In the framework of ARAIM, an Integrity Support Message (ISM) is envisioned to carry the required SIS error-model parameters and fault statistics for users. The ISM is generated and validated through offline monitoring, and disseminated along the navigation message. The first dissertation contribution is to provide necessary satellite positions and clock biases as a truth product to evaluate nominal SIS range errors (SISREs). An estimator is developed to generate accurate ephemeris parameters to provide these truth products. The estimator’s performance is demonstrated for the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation by utilizing the International GNSS Service (IGS) ground network to collect dual-frequency raw GPS code and carrier phase measurements. The resulting SISREs from the estimator are predicted to have a standard deviation of 0.5 m. When estimated ephemeris parameters and clock biases are compared with precise IGS orbit and clock products, the resulting SISREs are within ±2! at all times. In the second contribution, a new approach is proposed to generate the ISM by modeling the ephemeris parameter errors directly. In preliminary analysis, an ephemeris parameter error model is developed for the broadcast GPS legacy navigation message (LNAV) under nominal conditions. Then, the proposed approach is demonstrated to provide the nominal bias and standard deviation on GPS SISREs.As a part of fault monitoring in the GBAS, a ground monitor is developedto detect ephemeris failures, incorrect broadcast satellite positions, and hazardous ionosphere storms using either single- or dual frequency. The monitor also addresses the challenge of fault-free differential correction when satellites are rising, newly acquired, and re-acquired. The monitor utilizes differential code and carrier phase measurements across multiple reference receiver antennas as the basis for detection. Finally, the analytical performance of the monitor is demonstrated to meet Category III precision approach and landing requirements.
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- Title
- Quantification of Imaging Markers at Different MRI Contrast Weightings, Vasculature, and Across Field Strengths
- Creator
- Nguyen, Vivian S.
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
Quantitative MRI measures physical characteristics of tissue, which creates a set scale with units that allows longitudinal monitoring and...
Show moreQuantitative MRI measures physical characteristics of tissue, which creates a set scale with units that allows longitudinal monitoring and cross-patient and cross-center studies. It enables earlier detection of disease, complements biopsy, and provides a clear numeric scale for differentiation of disease states. However, quantitative MRI acquisitions and post-processing are not trivial, which makes it hard to implement the clinical setting. This along with the variability in clinically used acquisitions and post-processing techniques leads to difficulty in establishing reliable, consistent, and accurate quantitative information. There is a critical need for rigorous validation of quantitative imaging biomarkers, both for current and novel quantitative imaging techniques. This dissertation seeks to both validate current quantitative MR imaging techniques and develop new ones in the heart and brain by: 1) examining the data variability and the loss in tag fidelity that occurs when quantitative cardiac tagging is incorrectly run post-Gadolinium injection; 2) quantifying the negative impact of unexpected relaxometric behavior observed in low field MR imaging for low inversion times during T1 mapping; 3) validating retrospectively calculated T1 as a biomarker for Multiple Sclerosis progression; 4) and prototyping an oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping technique for the purpose of stroke prediction and establishment of a numeric scale for tissue health for stroke patients.Assessment of pre-Gadolinium and post-Gadolinium cardiac tag quality showed that post-Gadolinium tags are less saturated (p = 0.012) and have a wider range of saturation, contrast, and sharpness. This results in a loss of information in the late cardiac cycle and impeding quantification of myocardial function.Investigation of 64mT T1 mapping revealed unique relaxometric behavior in that at low inversion times (<250 ms), the signal response curve displayed an increase in signal intensity or a plateau in signal intensity dependent on T1 relaxation time. Inclusion of this increase or plateau in signal intensity negatively impacted T1 fitting algorithms, leading to their failure or incorrectly calculated T1 values. The maximum peak signal intensity before the null point was found to be 210 ms, which impacts current low field T1 mapping protocols which use an initial inversion time of 80-110 ms.Validation of retrospectively calculated T1 as a biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis revealed that T1 of normal appearing brain tissue correlates with measures of Multiple Sclerosis progression (EDSS, BPF, and disease duration) with normal appearing white matter T1 correlating with BPF (r = -0.49, p = 0.0018); putamen T1 correlating with EDSS (r = 0.48, p = 2.40e-03), with BPF (r = 0.69, p = 2.04e-06), and disease duration (r = -0.37; p = 0.02); and globus pallidus T1 correlating with disease duration (r = -0.42; p = 0.0093). Lesion T1 is reflective of MS severity whereas MTR is not.Finally, development of an oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping technique showed that application of independent component analysis (ICA) to cardiac gated spiral-trajectory phase images yielded components that feature stenosis features observed in magnitude images. These ICA components form the basis of OEF mapping from phase images. This dissertation presents four studies that seek to improve either current quantitative MR imaging protocols in the heart, or to develop and validate new quantitative MR imaging techniques in the brain for the purpose of monitoring disease progression or predicting disease.
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- Title
- Exploring the role of perceived trustworthiness on leader humility's effectiveness
- Creator
- Pickett, Meghan L.
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
Over the last decade, several studies have uncovered the value of leader humility; however, these findings fail to consider the contextual...
Show moreOver the last decade, several studies have uncovered the value of leader humility; however, these findings fail to consider the contextual factors that may alter when and how humility plays a role. The current study looks to bridge this gap, by exploring how the effectiveness of perceived leader humility on follower outcomes (i.e., state learning goal orientation, feedback seeking behaviors, and employee engagement) is contingent upon follower perceptions of the leader’s trustworthiness. Data was collected from 160 leader-follower dyads across a variety of industries, using a cross-sectional design. Results from the study reinforced earlier findings that leader humility is often associated with positive follower outcomes such as seeking more feedback and reporting a higher learning goal orientation; however, these results were contingent upon how trustworthy they perceived the leader to be. Additionally, the study found evidence that perceptions of leader trustworthiness were related to group-based differences (e.g., age, gender). Together, these findings serve as a reminder that studying leader behaviors in isolation often risks simplifying the complex reality most leader’s face when trying to implement leader behaviors and skills.
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- Title
- Evaluation of the Native Microbiota and Comparative Analysis of a Known Cronobacter Sakazakii and a Newly Isolated Bacillus Cereus Strain in Powdered Infant Formula
- Creator
- Patil, Sonali Prashant
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
There have been numerous reports of Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) recalls and outbreaks due to the absence of a kill step in the post...
Show moreThere have been numerous reports of Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) recalls and outbreaks due to the absence of a kill step in the post-pasteurization processing, improper handling pre and post processing and/or reconstitution, and lack of effective sanitization and cleaning of the food contact surfaces in the manufacturing facilities. The objectives of this present study were to 1) survey and identify background microflora in commercial PIF products through microbiological analysis, 16S rRNA, and whole genome sequencing (WGS); 2) compare the survival rate of a known Cronobacter sakazakii and a newly isolated Bacillus cereus DFPST-SP1 in PIF under a humidity level of 33 ± 3% over a period of 28 d; 3) examine the relative resistance of these two strains to thermal treatments at temperatures 40, 70, and 100 °C followed by storage at room temperature (RT) for 30 min; and 4) evaluate the bactericidal effect of 70% ethanol on the two artificially deposited bacterial strains on stainless steel (SS) and plastic coupons. Three biological trials were conducted for each study. To determine whether the increase, decrease, or difference in the bacterial populations and other parameters like water activity (aw) was statistically significant, a T-test was performed (p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant). Results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the presence of certain bacterial species in PIF, such as Lactococcus lactis, B. cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, etc. distributed across a relative abundance of >25%, <25%, and ≤3%. After the enrichment and isolation as per Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), C. sakazakii or S. enterica were not detected, while colonies exhibiting a blue-green appearance resembling Listeria spp. and certain Bacillus spp. were subjected to WGS for species-level identification. The assembly_1 from formulation 1 was confirmed as B. cereus sequence type 2255 and was renamed as B. cereus DFPST-SP1 in the contribution of this thesis work. The storage study conducted on PIF inoculated with C. sakazakii and B. cereus DFPST-SP1 at 33% RH showed that there was 0.25-0.27 log CFU/g reduction towards the end of 28 d, but no significant difference was observed between the two strains. The thermal challenge study revealed that the newly isolated B. cereus strain and C. sakazakii used in this study were highly thermotolerant. Based on the sanitizer challenge study, 70% ethanol was significantly more effective in reducing populations of C. sakazakii as compared to B. cereus. Moreover, higher log reductions of C. sakazakii 587 populations on stainless steel coupons compared to plastic coupons were observed, indicating that bacteria adhere more tightly to plastic surfaces than stainless steel (SS). Overall, the findings of this study shed new light on bolstering the safety standards of PIF and highlight the need for improved cleaning and sanitization procedures within manufacturing facilities in order to ensure the safety of reconstituted PIF, thereby enhancing public health, particularly infants and neonates.
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- Title
- Characterization of Novel Concrete Formulations: High-Volume Fly Ash for Precast Industry Use and Non-Proprietary UHPC
- Creator
- Ordillas, Kurt Andrew
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
The use of high-volume fly ash concretes can be challenging for high-early strength applications, such as in precast construction, largely due...
Show moreThe use of high-volume fly ash concretes can be challenging for high-early strength applications, such as in precast construction, largely due to potential delays in strength gain resulting from relatively lower heats of hydration of the underlying binder formulations. Considering that the use of higher levels of available fresh or landfilled fly ash as a replacement for traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) could result in more sustainable mix designs, a framework to develop novel, high-volume fly ash mixes with optimized dosages of commercial grade gypsum and accelerating admixtures to enhance early-age strength performance. Early-age mechanical properties such as compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated starting within 24 hours of specimen preparation. Experimental test results were then characterized and subsequently analyzed relative to current design provisions to highlight the best performing trial mixes (with respect to the early-age strength target) and cases where current design provisions are either unconservative or overly-conservative with respect to the test data. Additionally, thermal properties of concrete produced with fly ash were tested with two different curing environments, along with using code equations to determine if high volume fly ash provides a higher thermal resistance compared to OPC concrete. Wrapping up cementitious replacement with non-proprietary ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) for transportation structures. Then reproducing mixtures to ensure target compressive strength values could be reached. Followed by increasing batch size to a larger quantity using a large mixer to create full-size specimens.
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- Title
- Ultrasound Image Guided Robot Arm for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Drugs and MicroRNA for Cancer Therapy
- Creator
- Nagarajan Parimala, Abishek
- Date
- 2024
- Description
-
Molecular imaging has revolutionized medical diagnostics by providing detailed insights into biological processes at the molecular level...
Show moreMolecular imaging has revolutionized medical diagnostics by providing detailed insights into biological processes at the molecular level within the living subject. Ultrasound Molecular Imaging (USMI) has emerged as a promising diagnostic imaging modality by utilizing targeted contrast agents to unveil crucial molecular information, including vascular biomarkers associated with cancer and other diseases. Despite its potential, the transition of Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCA) from preclinical evaluation to FDA-approved clinical use faces challenges due to the short in vivo half-life of Micro-Bubbles (MBs), necessitating repeated administrations for comprehensive assessments. Moreover, conventional ultrasound imaging methods suffer from limited scanning areas and single-target focus, leading to low throughput in preclinical evaluations.This thesis addresses these challenges by proposing a robot-assisted whole-body scanning pipeline for preclinical evaluations in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging. By integrating a robotic arm into the imaging setup, this approach enhances scanning flexibility and precision, enabling scans across the entire body of a mouse. This extension of the imaging time window allows for comprehensive assessments without the need for repeated contrast agent administrations. Additionally, the ability to simultaneously scan multiple targets within the same session significantly increases the throughput of preclinical assessments, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging in clinical translation.
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- Title
- Interiors 1 [belly of tube intersecting ceiling]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing the intersection of the Exelon tube with the...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing the intersection of the Exelon tube with the ceiling of the interior of the building. The concrete and stainless steel tube encloses a 530-foot stretch of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated Green Line commuter rail ("L") tracks. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Tube 6 [with El tracks]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing State Street Village (now Jeanne and John Rowe...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing State Street Village (now Jeanne and John Rowe Village) in the foreground, the Exelon tube and the Chicago skyline in the background. The concrete and stainless steel tube encloses a 530-foot stretch of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated Green Line commuter rail ("L") tracks. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Founders' Wall 2 [icons]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photographic detail of the Founders' Wall at McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph shows the...
Show morePhotographic detail of the Founders' Wall at McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph shows the pictographic icon system designed for the building by graphic design firm 2x4. On the Founders' Wall, the icons are used to create portraits of Frank Gunsaulus, Allen Lewis, Robert Pritzker, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Founders' Wall 3 - [faces of (l-r): Frank Gunsaulus, Allen Lewis, Robert Pritzker, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the Founders' Wall at McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph shows the pictographic...
Show morePhotograph of the Founders' Wall at McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph shows the pictographic icon system designed for the building by graphic design firm 2x4. On the Founders' Wall, the icons are used to create portraits of Frank Gunsaulus, Allen Lewis, Robert Pritzker, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Rem Mies [Commons seen from inside MTCC]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the Commons Building visible through the windows of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center. The MTCC was connected to Mies van der...
Show morePhotograph of the Commons Building visible through the windows of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center. The MTCC was connected to Mies van der Rohe's Commons Building to provide an interior passageway between the buildings. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Hallway [northeast corridor]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the northeast corridor of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph depicts the use...
Show morePhotograph of the northeast corridor of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph depicts the use of conventional glass and orange Panelite, a translucent, honeycomb-patterned, composite paneling material. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Interiors 2 [integrated ramp/staircase]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing integrated ramp and staircase leading from the...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing integrated ramp and staircase leading from the main level to the food court area below. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Interiors 3 [food court looking east]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing cafeteria/food court on the building's lower...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing cafeteria/food court on the building's lower level. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Computer Hall
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing the recessed central corridor that initially...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing the recessed central corridor that initially housed the building's "broadband cafe." Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Mies Door 1
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the exterior of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph depicts a portrait of...
Show morePhotograph of the exterior of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology. The photograph depicts a portrait of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe created using the pictographic icon system designed for the building by graphic design firm 2x4. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Tube 2 - Chicago skyline in background
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing a train moving through the Exelon tube and the...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing a train moving through the Exelon tube and the Chicago skyline in the background. The concrete and stainless steel tube encloses a 530-foot stretch of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated Green Line commuter rail ("L") tracks. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
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- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003
- Title
- Tube 5 [El train speeding through tube]
- Creator
- Barnes, Richard, 1953-
- Date
- 2003
- Description
-
Photograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing a train moving through the Exelon tube. The...
Show morePhotograph of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, showing a train moving through the Exelon tube. The concrete and stainless steel tube encloses a 530-foot stretch of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated Green Line commuter rail ("L") tracks. Photograph made available via Illinois Tech's institutional repository with the permission of Richard Barnes.
Show less - Collection
- McCormick Tribune Campus Center photographs, 2003