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Title: MEASUREMENT OF 013 IN THE DOUBLE CHOOZ EXPERIMENT
Creator: Yang, Guang
Date: 2016, 2016-12
Description: Neutrino oscillation has been established for over a decade. The mixing angle 013 is one of the parameters that is most difficult to measure...
Show moreNeutrino oscillation has been established for over a decade. The mixing angle 013 is one of the parameters that is most difficult to measure due to its small value. Currently, reactor antineutrino experiments provide the best knowledge of 013, using the electron antineutrino disappearance phenomenon. The most compelling advantage is the high intensity of the reactor antineutrino rate. The Double Chooz experiment, located on the border of France and Belgium, is such an experiment, which aims to have one of the most precise 013 measurements in the world. Dou- ble Chooz has a single-detector phase and a double-detector phase. For the single- detector phase, the limit of the 013 sensitivity comes mostly from the reactor flux. However, the uncertainty on the reactor flux is highly suppressed in the double- detector phase. Oscillation analyses for the two phases have different strategies but need similar inputs, including background estimation, detection systematics evalua- tion, energy reconstruction and so on. The Double Chooz detectors are filled with gadolinium (Gd) doped liquid scintillator and use the inverse beta decay (IBD) sig- nal so that for each phase, there are two independent 013 measurements based on different neutron capturer (Gd or hydrogen). Multiple oscillation analyses are per- formed to provide the best 013 results. In addition to the 013 measurement, Double Chooz is also an excellent playground" to do diverse physics research. For example, a 252Cf calibration source study has been done to understand the spontaneous decay of this radioactive source. Further, Double Chooz also has the ability to do a sterile neutrino search in a certain mass region. Moreover, some new physics ideas can be tested in Double Chooz. In this thesis, the detailed methods to provide precise 013 measurement will be described and the other physics topics will be introduced.
Ph.D. in Pyhsics, December 2016
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Title: STUDIES IN NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Creator: Wang, Huichao
Date: 2013-05-08, 2013-05
Description: This thesis gives a brief outline of how the microscopic representation enters into a good description of the elasticity of a fluid. We first...
Show moreThis thesis gives a brief outline of how the microscopic representation enters into a good description of the elasticity of a fluid. We first introduce the hydrodynamics by three continuity equations. Due to its macroscopic background, we point out its limitation that it does not fit well with the elastic behavior of the fluid. Therefore we introduce the microscopic description of the system. In order to connect the elasticity which is obviously involved in the non-equilibrium state of a fluid, we discuss how non-equilibrium mechanics could be related to equilibrium mechanics by the assumption that the system is not far away from equilibrium. Under this assumption, an analysis of equilibrium mechanics is necessary, and combining with the microscopic representation, we derive the generalized Langevin equation as an equation of motion of the momentum current, which is endowed with the elastic property, consistent with observations of the fluid.
M.S. in in Physics, May 2013
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Title: Measurement of hadron production in Deep Inelastic Scattering, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Jung, H.
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: Measurements of charged particle densities and K⁰s and Λ production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented and compared to Monte...
Show moreMeasurements of charged particle densities and K⁰s and Λ production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented and compared to Monte Carlo event generator predictions. The measurements provide sensitive tests for the initial state parton radiation process as well as for the hadronization process.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: Recent results from the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter at the CERN SPS, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Seyboth, Peter
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: Recent searches at the CERN SPS for evidence of the critical point of strongly interacting matter are discussed. Experimental results on...
Show moreRecent searches at the CERN SPS for evidence of the critical point of strongly interacting matter are discussed. Experimental results on theroretically expected signatures, such as event-to-event fluctuations of the particle multiplicity and the average transverse momentum as well as intermittency in particle production are presented.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: A COMPRHENSIVE MECHANISTIC STUDY OF PEPTIDOMIMETICS ON MODEL MEMBRANE SYSTEMS
Creator: Bianchi, Christopher P.
Date: 2014, 2014-12
Description: Peptidomimetics are a broad class of structural variant synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are natural antibiotics found...
Show morePeptidomimetics are a broad class of structural variant synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are natural antibiotics found in almost entirety throughout all living organisms. Although, AMPs were once thought of as promising therapeutics to combat infectious bacteria, key shortcomings such as low bioavailability, as well as high manufacturing costs have prevented them from reaching a clinical market. Peptidomimetics capitalize on the characteristics of AMPs thought to be responsible for their antibacterial activity, such as net cationic charge and amphiphilicity, while introducing key structural differences. The principal mode of antibacterial activity of AMPs is causing disruption to the bacteria cell membrane of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria types. The complexities of cell membranes with their various lipid molecule species and proteins makes it difficult to determine mechanistic details of AMPs. It is for this reason model membrane systems such as Langmuir monolayers and supported bilayers composed of the lipid species found in that of actual cell membrane are used. In the present work we have investigated the mechanism of action of different types of peptidomimetics such as N-substituted glycines (peptoids) and oligomers of acylated-lysines (OAKs) on model bacteria and cancer cell membrane systems using various experimental techniques, such as epifluorescence microscopy (EFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). From these studies structure function relationships can be obtained, which help aid in the design of new and more effective peptidomimetics. Through these investigations it was found that the substitution of hydrogen atoms for fluorine atoms in the phenyl side chains of cyclic peptoids increases antibacterial on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative model membrane systems, guanidino containing side chains compared to amino containing side chains in α-peptide-β-peptoid chimeras show greater activity on model membrane systems mimicking the cytoplasmic membrane of both Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria. In addition, insights were gained on the anticancer mechanisms of the naturally occurring AMP magainin-2 and OAK C12K-7α8. The significance of the model membrane system being used cannot be overstated, when the overall arching goal is to bring these peptidomimetics to a clinical market. Thus, the biological relevance of the model membrane system is of great importance. It is this motivation that has lead our research group to develop a floating planar lipid bilayer that is bound to a lipid monolayer functionalized with polyethylene glycol, which to our knowledge has not been previously done. This system and the planar Langmuir monolayer that were used in this work are ideal systems for the use of high energy X-rays that are produced from synchrotron radiation facilities. From such measurements as X-ray reflectivity (XR) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) molecular scale resolution of the peptidomimetic interactions with the model membrane systems can be achieved.
Ph.D. in Physics, December 2014
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Title: Color reconnection and its effects on precise measurements at the LHC, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Sjöstrand, Torbjörn
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: There is experimental evidence for the occurrence of color reconnection, but the mechanisms involved are far from understood. Previous...
Show moreThere is experimental evidence for the occurrence of color reconnection, but the mechanisms involved are far from understood. Previous reconnection studies are briefly summarized, and some potential implications for LHC physics are outlined.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: Hadronic final states in high-pT QCD at CDF, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Matera, Keith
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: The heavy quark content associated with gauge boson production is of great interest to studies of QCD. These events probe the gluon and heavy...
Show moreThe heavy quark content associated with gauge boson production is of great interest to studies of QCD. These events probe the gluon and heavy-quark parton distribution functions of the proton, and also provide a measurement of the rate of final state gluon splitting to heavy favor. In addition, gauge boson plus heavy quark events are representative of backgrounds to Higgs, single top, and supersymmetric particle searches. Recent work with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron has measured the cross-section of several gauge boson plus heavy flavor production processes, including the first Tevatron observation of specific charm process p͞p → W + c. Results are found to be in agreement with NLO predictions that include an enhanced rate of g → c͞c =b͞b splitting. Lastly, a new analysis promises to probe a lower pT (c) region than has yet been explored, by fully reconstructing D* → D^0 (Kπ)π decays in the full CDF dataset (9:7 fb^1).
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: Recent results on vector boson production in association with jets with the CMS detector, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Cornelis, Tom
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: The production of weak vector bosons in association with jets and their properties are intensively studied using proton-proton collision data...
Show moreThe production of weak vector bosons in association with jets and their properties are intensively studied using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector. In this proceedings, we will show the cross section measurement of the electroweak production of a Z boson in association with 2 jets at √s = 8 TeV, including a new data-driven approach and studies on the hadronic activity in the region between the two tagging jets. The azimuthal correlations and event shapes in Z + jets events at √s= 7 TeV are also presented.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: Stochastic mechanism of color confinement, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Kuvshinov, V.
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: It is shown that in stochastic QCD a vacuum color quark is confined due to the interaction with environment, chaotic dynamics of Yang-Mills...
Show moreIt is shown that in stochastic QCD a vacuum color quark is confined due to the interaction with environment, chaotic dynamics of Yang-Mills-Higgsfields, decoherence of pure color state into mixed white (colorless) state and also squeezed, and entangled states appearance. Critical energy of order-chaos transition is obtained which depends on Higgs boson mass. Stochasticity is the root of color confinement disappearing of color at confinement radius.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: The phase diagram of QCD from lattice simulations, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: D'elia, Massimo
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: Numerical simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics on a space-time lattice represent the best non-perturbative tool to explore the QCD phase...
Show moreNumerical simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics on a space-time lattice represent the best non-perturbative tool to explore the QCD phase diagram and the behavior of strong interactions under extreme conditions. We review the present status of the field and discuss some recent results.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: The Tevatron energy scan: Findings & surprises, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Field, Rick
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: At CDF we study charged particle production (pT > 0.5 GeV/c, |η|
Show moreAt CDF we study charged particle production (pT > 0.5 GeV/c, |η| < 0.8) in proton-antiproton collisions at 300 GeV, 900 GeV, and 1.96 TeV. The 300 GeV and 900 GeV data are a result of the “Tevatron Energy Scan” which was performed just before the Tevatron was shut down. We use the direction of the leading charged particle in each event, PTmax, to define three regions of η-φ space; “toward,” “away,” and “transverse.” The “trans- verse” region is further divided into the “transMAX” and “transMIN” con- tributions. The “transMIN” region is very sensitive to the multiple parton interaction component (MPI) of the “underlying event,” while the “trans-DIF” (“transMAX” minus “transMIN”) is very sensitive to the initial and final-state radiation. This CDF analysis together with LHC data provides a detailed study the energy dependence of the various components of the “underlying event” in hadronic collisions.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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$Central exclusive production and the Durham diffractive program$

Title: Central exclusive production and the Durham diffractive program, Proceedings of the XLIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Creator: Harland-lang, L. A., Khoze, V. A., Ryskin, M. G.
Date: 2013-09-15, 2013-09-15
Publisher: IIT Press
Description: Recent results in central exclusive production within the Durham model are presented. A wide range of processes are considered, and their...
Show moreRecent results in central exclusive production within the Durham model are presented. A wide range of processes are considered, and their theoretical and phenomenological interest is discussed.
Sponsorship: IIT College of Science, High Energy Physics Division of Argonne National Laboratory
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Title: LIPID-LIPID AND LIPID-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES
Creator: Martynowycz, Michael W.
Date: 2016, 2016-07
Description: Interactions between lipids and drug molecules in biological membranes help govern proper biological function in organisms. The mechanisms...
Show moreInteractions between lipids and drug molecules in biological membranes help govern proper biological function in organisms. The mechanisms responsible for hydrophobic drug permeation remain elusive. Many small molecule drugs are hydrophobic. These drugs inhibit proteins in the cellular interior. The rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is thought to be caused by mutations in protein structure, changing drug kinetics to favor growth. However, small molecule drugs have been shown to have different mechanisms depending in the structure of the lipid membrane of the target cell. Biological membranes are investigated using Langmuir monolayers at the airliquid interface. These offer the highest level of control in the mimetic system and allow them to be investigated using complementary techniques. Langmuir isotherms and insertion assays are used to determine the area occupied by each lipid in the membrane and the change in area caused by the introduction of a drug molecule, respectively. Specular X-ray re ectivity is used to determine the electron density of the monolayer, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction is used to determine the inplane order of the monolayer. These methods determine the affinity of the drug and the mechanism of action. Studies are presented on hydrophobic drugs with mammalian membrane mimics using warfarin along with modified analogues, called superwarfarins. Data shows that toxicity of these modified drugs are modulated by the membrane cholesterol content in cells; explaining several previously unexplained effects of the drugs. Membrane mimics of bacteria are investigated along with their interactions with a hydrophobic antibiotic, novobiocin. Data suggests that permeation of the drug is mediated by modifications to the membrane lipids, and completely ceases translocation under certain circumstances.
Ph.D. in Physics, July 2016
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Title: THE PATH TO HIGH Q-FACTORS IN SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATING CAVITIES: FLUX EXPULSION AND SURFACE RESISTANCE OPTIMIZATION
Creator: Martinello, Martina
Date: 2016, 2016-12
Description: Accelerating cavities are devices resonating in the radio-frequency (RF) range used to accelerate charged particles in accelerators....
Show moreAccelerating cavities are devices resonating in the radio-frequency (RF) range used to accelerate charged particles in accelerators. Superconducting accelerating cavities are made out of niobium and operate at the liquid helium temperature. Even if superconducting, these resonating structures have some RF driven surface resistance that causes power dissipation. In order to decrease as much as possible the power losses, the cavity quality factor must be increased by decreasing the surface resistance. In this dissertation, the RF surface resistance is analyzed for a large variety of cavities made with different state-of-the-art surface treatments, with the goal of finding the surface treatment capable to return the highest Q-factor values in a cryomodule-like environment. This study analyzes not only the superconducting properties described by the BCS surface resistance, which is the contribution that takes into account dissipation due to quasi-particle excitations, but also the increasing of the surface resistance due to trapped flux. When cavities are cooled down below their critical temperature inside a cryomodule, there is always some remnant magnetic field that may be trapped increasing the global RF surface resistance. This thesis also analyzes how the fraction of external magnetic field, which is actually trapped in the cavity during the cooldown, can be minimized. This study is performed on an elliptical single-cell horizontally cooled cavity, resembling the geometry of cavities cooled in accelerator cryomodules. The horizontal cooldown study reveals that, as in case of the vertical cooldown, when the cooling is performed fast, large thermal gradients are created along the cavity helping magnetic flux expulsion. However, for this geometry the complete magnetic flux expulsion from the cavity equator is more difficult to achieve. This becomes even more challenging in presence of orthogonal magnetic field, that is easily trapped on top of the cavity equator causing temperature rising. The physics behind the magnetic flux expulsion is also analyzed, showing that during a fast cooldown the magnetic field structures, called vortices, tend to move in the same direction of the thermal gradient, from the Meissner state region to the mixed state region, minimizing the Gibbs free energy. On the other hand, during a slow cool down, not only the vortices movement is limited by the absence of thermal gradients, but, also, at the end of the superconducting transition, the magnetic field concentrates along randomly distributed normal-conducting region from which it cannot be expelled anymore. The systematic study of the surface resistance components performed for the different surface treatments, reveals that the BCS surface resistance and the trapped flux surface resistance have opposite trends as a function of the surface impurity content, defined by the mean free path. At medium field value, the BCS surface resistance is minimized for nitrogen-doped cavities and significantly larger for standard niobium cavities. On the other hand, Nitrogen-doped cavities show larger dissipation due to trapped flux. This is consequence of the bell-shaped trend of the trapped flux sensitivity as a function of the mean free path. Such experimental findings allow also a better understanding of the RF dissipation due to trapped flux. The best compromise between all the surface resistance components, taking into account the possibility of trapping some external magnetic field, is given by light nitrogen-doping treatments. However, the beneficial effects of the nitrogen-doping is completely lost when large amount of magnetic field is trapped during the cooldown, underlying the importance of both cooldown and magnetic field shielding optimization in high quality factors cryomodules.
Ph.D. in Physics, December 2016
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Title: PHOTOCATHODE TUNABILITY: THE PHOTOEMISSIVE PROPERTIES OF ULTRA-THIN MULTILAYERED MgO/Ag/MgO FILMS SYNTHESIZED BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION
Creator: Velazquez, Daniel Gomez
Date: 2015, 2015-05
Description: Much of the early development of photocathode materials was aimed at the growth of photoemissive thin films with low work function, and high...
Show moreMuch of the early development of photocathode materials was aimed at the growth of photoemissive thin films with low work function, and high quantum efficiency (QE). It has been shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that metal-insulator junctions can lead to the modification of the work function and QE for coverages of a few monolayers of metal oxides on metallic substrates. However, the production of electron beams suitable for new photoinjector technologies in many instances requires low emittance beams from the cathode itself. Often the cathode intrinsic emittance plays an important role in new e-gun designs. A demonstration of the ability to control photoemissive properties by engineering the band structure of a photocathode could provide a pathway to meet the demands of new photoinjector technologies. Nemeth et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 046801 (2010)] used density functional theory (DFT) to model the properties of a multilayered structure of MgO/Ag(001)/MgO with 4 monolayers of Ag(001) flanked by n monolayers (ML) of MgO. Their model indicated that it is possible to reduce the emittance of a photoemitted electron beam when the thickness n of the MgO layers is 2 or 3 monolayers because the surface band structure exhibits a narrowing of the density of occupied states in momentum near the Γ-point neighboring the Fermi Level. The theoretical prediction concerning the emission properties of these multilayers structures was tested by fabricating them, and then characterizing their emission properties. Synthesis of multilayered MgO/Ag/MgO films was performed using a custom-built pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system. In-situ growth monitoring was carried out by Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED). Ex-situ techniques such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) were used to show the formation of the crystalline and chemical structure of the multilayered films. A Kelvin Probe/photocurrent-detector system, custom-built for this research, was used to measure the work function and QE of the samples. Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to measure the angular photoelectron yield. Simultaneous reduction of work function and increase of QE was observed for (001) oriented multilayers of various thicknesses with respect to that of a bare Ag/MgO(001) surface. Work function measurements of multilayers of various thicknesses in the (111) orientation also registered a monotonic reduction with respect to that of a bare Ag/Si(111) surface. Angular emission was compared for a MgO/Ag/MgO multilayer (thicknesses of 3 ML/4 ML/3 ML) sample and Ag/MgO(001). Emission analysis of the angle-resolved photoelectron spectra shows a net change in the angular emission with high kinetic energy electron density shifted toward surface-normal emission. Experimental results were consistent with theoretical predictions, which open the promising possibility of customizing emission properties by direct manipulation of the surface band structure of the emitter.
Ph.D. in Physics, May 2015
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Title: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HIGH HEAT LOAD DEFORMATION AND MECHANICAL BENDING CORRECTION OF A BEAMLINE MIRROR FOR THE APS UPGRADE
Creator: Goldring, Nicholas
Date: 2017, 2017-07
Description: The impending Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will introduce a hard x-ray source that is set to surpass the current APS in brightness...
Show moreThe impending Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will introduce a hard x-ray source that is set to surpass the current APS in brightness and coherence by two to three orders of magnitude. To achieve this, the storage ring light source will be equipped with a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice [1]. In order to fully exploit and preserve the integrity of new beams actualized by upgraded storage ring components, improved beamline optics must also be introduced. The design process of new optics for the APS-U and other fourth generation synchrotrons involves the challenge of accommodating unprecedented heat loads. This dissertation presents an ex-situ analysis of heat load deformation and the subsequent mechanical bending correction of a 400 mm long, grazing-incidence, H2O side-cooled, reflecting mirror subjected to x-ray beams produced by the APS-U undulator source. Bending correction is measured as the smallest rms slope error, σrms, that can be resolved over a given length of the heat deformed geometry due to mechanical bending. Values of σrms in the <0.1 µrad regime represent a given mirror length over which incident x-ray beams from modern sources can be reflected without significant loss of quality [2, 3]. This study assumes a perfectly flat mirror surface and does not account for finish errors or other contributions to σrms beyond the scope of thermal deformation and elastic bending. The methodology of this research includes finite element analysis (FEA) employed conjointly with an analytical solution for mechanical bending deflection by means of an end couple. Additionally, the study will focus on two beam power density profiles predicted by the APS-U which were created using the software SRCalc [4]. The profiles account for a 6 GeV electron beam with second moment widths of 0.058 and 0.011 mm in the x- and y- directions respectively; the electron beam is passed through a 4.8 m long, 28 mm period APS-U undulator which produces the x-ray beam incident at a 3 mrad grazing angle on the flat mirror surface for both cases. The first power density profile is the most extreme case created by the undulator at it’s closest gap with a critical energy of 3 keV (ky=2.459); the second profile is generated for the case in which the undulator is tuned to emit at 8 keV (ky=1.026). The 3 keV case is of particular interest as it represents one of the most intense peak heat loads predicted to be incident on first optics at the APS-U. The FEA results revealed that the deflection due to the 3 keV heat load yields a 10.9 µrad rms slope error over the full mirror length. The projected correction via the elastic bending of the substrate yields a 0.10 µrad σrms within the center longitudinal 300 mm. The FEA also predicts that the 8 keV heat load deflection can be corrected to a σrms of 0.11 µrad within the center 300 mm from 1.50 µrad over the entire length. Attempts to optimize the end couple to correct over the entire 400 mm mirror length were unable to resolve the heat load deflection rms slope error to within a < 0.1 µrad value for either case. However, if a larger corrected surface is required, a longer mirror can be implemented so as to absorb the heat load of a larger beam than necessary which can then be cut by an aperture to the desired size and energy range.
M.S. in Physics, July 2017
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Title: SMALL MODULAR NUCLEAR REACTORS: LEARNING AND PRODUCTION
Creator: Kotlyarevsky, Arnold
Date: 2013, 2013-07
Description: Small Modular Nuclear Reactors o er a new alternative to carbon based energy sources in the energy market of the near future. Understanding...
Show moreSmall Modular Nuclear Reactors o er a new alternative to carbon based energy sources in the energy market of the near future. Understanding the economic forces driving the industrial manufacturing process is crucial to determining the viability of SMRs. This study is a continuation of research that developed a parametric model and initial production cost estimates for a generic 100MWe SMR integrated reactor vessel. The primary goal of this study was to characterize the learning rates, lot sizes, and optimum production of SMR IRVs using the parametric model and the initial cost estimates. Three separate models were developed based on increasing levels of learning transfer: no learning transfer, partial learning transfer, and full learning transfer. Models with no learning transfer and full learning transfer bounded the values for the learning curve expected for IRV manufacture. A model with a partial transfer of learning yielded production cost estimates of $312.2 million. Production of an SMR IRV based on this model is expected to see a learning rate 95.5%. Using the information from the other two models, the expected learning rate for IRV production is expected to fall between 93.3% and 99.1% Simulations of lot sizes of 1 to 12 were conducted to determine the manufacturing lot size that optimizes the factory setting. An optimum con guration of 5 units per lot was determined to be the minimum. However, the lot size is recommended to be increased to 6 units to withstand the possibility of cancellation. In this con guration, the average unit cost is $262 million, with a learning rate of 98.1%. Another important result indicates that optimum manufacturing outcomes are not necessarily correlated with higher levels of learning. Production in larger lot sizes is bene cial, especially for components that are few in number, like the pressure vessel.
M.S. in Physics, July 2013
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Title: HYBRID METHODS FOR SIMULATION OF MUON IONIZATION COOLING CHANNELS
Creator: Kunz, Josiah D.
Date: 2017, 2017-05
Description: COSY Infinity is an arbitrary-order beam dynamics simulation and analysis code. It can determine high-order transfer maps of combinations of...
Show moreCOSY Infinity is an arbitrary-order beam dynamics simulation and analysis code. It can determine high-order transfer maps of combinations of particle optical elements of arbitrary field configurations. For precision modeling, design, and optimization of next-generation muon beam facilities, its features make it a very attractive code. New features are being developed for inclusion in COSY to follow the distribution of charged particles through matter. To study in detail some of the properties of muons passing through material, the transfer map approach alone is not sufficient. The interplay of beam optics and atomic processes must be studied by a hybrid transfer map–Monte Carlo approach in which transfer map methods describe the average behavior of the particles in the accelerator channel including energy loss, and Monte Carlo methods are used to provide small corrections to the predictions of the transfer map accounting for the stochastic nature of scattering and straggling of particles. The advantage of the new approach is that it is very efficient in that the vast majority of the dynamics is represented by fast application of the high-order transfer map of an entire element and accumulated stochastic effects as well as possible particle decay. The gains in speed shown in this work are expected to simplify the optimization of muon cooling channels which are usually very computationally demanding due to the need to repeatedly run large numbers of particles through large numbers of configurations. This work describes the development of the required algorithms and their application to the simulation of muon ionization cooling channels. The code is benchmarked against other codes, validated with experimental results, and predicts results for current muon ionization cooling efforts.
Ph.D. in Physics, May 2017
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Title: ACOUSTIC LOCALIZATION OF BREAKDOWN IN RADIO FREQUENCY ACCELERATING CAVITIES
Creator: Lane, Peter
Date: 2016, 2016-07
Description: Current designs for muon accelerators require high-gradient radio frequency (RF) cavities to be placed in solenoidal magnetic fields. These...
Show moreCurrent designs for muon accelerators require high-gradient radio frequency (RF) cavities to be placed in solenoidal magnetic fields. These fields help contain and efficiently reduce the phase space volume of source muons in order to create a usable muon beam for collider and neutrino experiments. In this context and in general, the use of RF cavities in strong magnetic fields has its challenges. It has been found that placing normal conducting RF cavities in strong magnetic fields reduces the threshold at which RF cavity breakdown occurs. To aid the effort to study RF cavity breakdown in magnetic fields, it would be helpful to have a diagnostic tool which can localize the source of breakdown sparks inside the cavity. These sparks generate thermal shocks to small regions of the inner cavity wall that can be detected and localized using microphones attached to the outer cavity surface. Details on RF cavity sound sources as well as the hardware, software, and algorithms used to localize the source of sound emitted from breakdown thermal shocks are presented. In addition, results from simulations and experiments on three RF cavities, namely the Aluminum Mock Cavity, the High-Pressure Cavity, and the Modular Cavity, are also given. These results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the described technique for acoustic localization of breakdown.
Ph.D. in Physics, July 2016
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Title: LATTICE DESIGN OF THE INTEGRABLE OPTICS TEST ACCELERATOR AND OPTICAL STOCHASTIC COOLING EXPERIMENT AT FERMILAB
Creator: Kafka, Gene
Date: 2015, 2015-05
Description: The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab will serve as the backbone for a broad spectrum of Advanced Accelerator...
Show moreThe Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab will serve as the backbone for a broad spectrum of Advanced Accelerator R&D (AARD) experiments, and as such, must be designed with significant flexibility in mind, but without compromising cost efficiency. The nonlinear experiments at IOTA will include: achievement of a large nonlinear tune shift/spread without degradation of dynamic aperture; suppression of strong lattice resonances; study of stability of nonlinear systems to perturbations; and studies of di↵erent variants of nonlinear magnet design. The ring optics control has challenging requirements that reach or exceed the present state of the art. The development of a complete self-consistent design of the IOTA ring optics, meeting the demands of all planned AARD experiments, is presented. Of particular interest are the precise control for nonlinear integrable optics experiments and the transverse-to-longitudinal coupling and phase stability for the Optical Stochastic Cooling Experiment (OSC). Since the beam time-of-flight must be tightly controlled in the OSC section, studies of second order corrections in this section are presented.
Ph.D. in Physics, May 2015
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