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THE IMPACT OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT ATTITUDES COMPRISING MENTAL ILLNESS STIGMA ON TAKING PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS AS PRESCRIBED
Title
THE IMPACT OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT ATTITUDES COMPRISING MENTAL ILLNESS STIGMA ON TAKING PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS AS PRESCRIBED
Creator
Michaels, Patrick
Date
2015, 2015-07
Description
Research suggests mental illness stigma adversely impacts psychotropic medication use. Few studies have examined stigma and psychotropic...
Show moreResearch suggests mental illness stigma adversely impacts psychotropic medication use. Few studies have examined stigma and psychotropic medication use with a naturalistic design. This study assessed the independent impact of attitudes toward psychiatric medication, cognitive insight, explicit and implicit attitudes of public stigma and self-stigma on psychotropic medication use for people with serious mental illnesses. Medication use was examined in this one-month longitudinal study via self-reported medication use, desire to take medication as directed, pill count use rates over a onemonth period, and pharmacy records including maximum continuous gap, number of gaps, and medication possession ratios. The primary expectation that explicit and implicit attitudes would independently explain lower psychotropic medication use was mostly not supported. On average participants took 82% of psychotropic medication as prescribed, indicating medication was taken at a therapeutic level despite stigma. The most consistent association across time was a positive relationship among desire to take medication and self-application of negative stereotypes. The second finding was that attitudes toward psychotropic medication may be associated with self-reported use, maximum continuous gap, and medication possession. Implications for clinical practice recommend providers are aware, discuss, and intervene in consumer’s experiences with stigma, which can improve medication use and psychological stability. Future research should specifically enroll participants who concurrently take suboptimal doses of medication (<80% of medication) to study stigma and non-adherence. Research should seek to understand how internalized stigma and psychotropic medication stigma are related to suboptimal medication use behaviors among people with mental illness in longitudinal non-intervention studies.
Ph.D. in Psychology, July 2015
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A PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF A MENTOR BASED ANTI- STIGMA MENTAL HEALTH CURRICULUM FOR BACCALAUREATE NURSING STUDENTS
Title
A PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF A MENTOR BASED ANTI- STIGMA MENTAL HEALTH CURRICULUM FOR BACCALAUREATE NURSING STUDENTS
Creator
Fokuo, Joyce Konadu Mansah
Date
2017, 2017-07
Description
Stigma towards people with mental illness by healthcare providers results in disparities in help-seeking, treatment, and quality of care....
Show moreStigma towards people with mental illness by healthcare providers results in disparities in help-seeking, treatment, and quality of care. Within the health care system, professionals such as nurses and nursing students endorse negative stereotypes about people with mental illness. Using 23 nursing students this pilot study evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of a five-week manualized consumer-led mentorship program as a supplement to a mental health theory and clinical curriculum for baccalaureate nursing students. Participants completed measures on intended personal and professional behaviors, stigmatizing attitudes and affirming attitudes measures pre-intervention, post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. Feasibility measures were also completed by students, mentors and faculty members’ post-intervention. Results suggest a significant decrease in stigmatizing attitudes post intervention. The effect was maintained at one-month follow-up. There was also a significant decreased in affirming attitudes post intervention. This effect was unexpected and not maintained at one-month follow-up. Affirming attitudes significantly increased at one-month follow-up. There was no statistically significant change in intended personal and professional behaviors. Program feasibility was high for face-to-face meeting and participants were overall satisfied with the integration of the supplemental program. These findings suggest that a consumer-led mentoring program can effectively reduce mental health stigma within student nursing populations.
Ph.D. in Psychology, July 2017
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL ORIENTATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Title
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL ORIENTATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
Creator
Rafajko, Sean I.
Date
2016, 2016-07
Description
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) face a number of disparities in their daily lives. Many of these disparities are the result of...
Show moreIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) face a number of disparities in their daily lives. Many of these disparities are the result of interactions with people in their environment, including the general public. The behaviors of the general public toward people with ID are linked to the attitudes that they hold. Thus, it is essential to understand what influences these attitudes. Although there has been some research conducted examining how factors such as demographics and level of contact with individuals with ID affect attitudes, there has been only very limited research specifically investigating the impact of cultural factors on attitudes toward individuals with ID. The purpose of this study was to examine the unique contribution of cultural orientation variables as predictors of individuals’ attitudes toward ID using hierarchical regression analyses. Results revealed that for all examined domains of attitudes, cultural orientation accounted for a significant portion of the variance in attitudes toward ID. More specifically, it was found that greater vertical-individualist orientation was associated with more negative attitude towards ID on all domains, while other cultural orientations (horizontal-collectivist, horizontal-individualist, and vertical-collectivist), when significant, were associated with more positive attitudes toward ID. Findings from this study suggest that culture is a relevant area to explore in future research on attitudes toward ID. Further research is needed to understand how these relationships play out especially for specific groups, such as caregivers and clinicians, in order to better understand how cultural orientation can more directly affect the lives of individuals with ID.
M.S. in Psychology, July 2016
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AGEISM AND PUBLIC STIGMA TOWARDS OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Title
AGEISM AND PUBLIC STIGMA TOWARDS OLDER ADULTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Creator
Baumgartner, Sarah Elisabeth
Date
2017, 2017-07
Description
Dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition more common in the older adult population. Persons with Alzheimer’s...
Show moreDementia due to Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition more common in the older adult population. Persons with Alzheimer’s disease are a unique population in that they not only are likely to experience stigma related to having a neurodegenerative disease, but they may also experience stigma as a result of their age. The present study combined the ageism literature and Weiner’s theory of attribution to investigate (1) the goodness of fit of Weiner’s model as a means of explaining public stigma expressed towards persons with Alzheimer’s disease, and (2) the impact ageism, anxiety about personally aging, anxiety about personally developing Alzheimer’s disease, intergroup anxiety, and level of familiarity with Alzheimer’s disease may have on the public stigma expressed towards an older adult with Alzheimer’s disease. Two hundred and fifty-eight Amazon MTurk workers read a short vignette of an older adult with either a Normal Aging, Mild Alzheimer’s disease or Severe Alzheimer’s disease description, and completed self-report measures. Results revealed marginal support for Weiner’s attribution theory as a model to explain the public stigma expressed towards older persons with Alzheimer’s, as well as, the influence ageist attitudes and both intergroup anxiety and worry about developing personally developing Alzheimer’s disease have on emotional reactions of anger and helping behavioral intentions. Clinical implications regarding increasing empowerment for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, as well as, psychoeducation and contact interventions to decrease the public stigma of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.
Ph.D. in Psychology, July 2017
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