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Title: The Feasibility of Honeycomb Structure to Enhance Daylighting and Energy Performance for High-Rise Buildings
Creator: Geng, Camelia Mina
Date: 2022
Description: The world population is increasing at a fast rate and the projection is that there will be more than 12 billion people by the year 2050. It is...
Show moreThe world population is increasing at a fast rate and the projection is that there will be more than 12 billion people by the year 2050. It is also expected that at least 70% of the population will reside and work in urban areas (mostly cities) in some sort of high-rise building. At the same time, the climate is rapidly changing to increase the effects of man-made global warming. Conceivably, energy conservation, daylighting performance, thermal comfort and environmentally friendly high-rise buildings are necessary to facilitate sustainable working and living environments. The roles of the architects and planners are paramount at this critical era of history of mankind; for one thing they are responsible for the planning and design of sustainable high-rise buildings.Recently, there has been significant research to connect a branch of Biophilia design, which is Biomorphic architecture. This has developed a wonderful design approach, termed the Biomorphic idea. This focuses on the enhancement of the physical and psychological connection with nature, to acquire more natural light and the outside connection targeting energy saving. More and more, high-rise buildings are being designed following Biomorphic approaches. As such, these buildings are defined as sustainable and primarily, because they are energy efficient and, and in many cases tend to minimize the use of fossil fuels while promoting the use of renewable and clean energy sources. As such, a honeycomb structure approach successfully applies to high-rise building design. The intend of this research document is to simulate Biomorphic honeycomb structure which is the hexagonal rotation ring structure including 32 stories in18 different hexagon high-rise building configurations, to develop true daylighting and energy. performance. This is achieved by the using Grasshopper-Climate Studio simulation tool and multiple fuzzy mathematics for decision making. This document will provide a comparison of daylighting including sDA, ASE, sDG and the illuminance results from these 3 series of the 18 models configuring different honeycomb structures of high-rise buildings. The results prove that the hexagon honeycomb structure for high-rise building is feasibility and targets green buildings standards such as LEED V4.1 The success of the method depends on developing multiple criteria of Poisson ratio and Gaussian curvature within the hexagon structure to create different honeycomb facades and rotation of the ring for office high-rise building which is also a qualitative nature of the Biomorphic design parameters.
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Title: Toward an Extraordinary Ecotourism Destination on The Shoreline of Aseer Region, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
Creator: Saleh, Abdulmalik Mohammad S.
Date: 2022
Description: Since the dawn of the Anthropocene epoch, human activities have been adversely influencing our globe and becoming a controversial phenomenon....
Show moreSince the dawn of the Anthropocene epoch, human activities have been adversely influencing our globe and becoming a controversial phenomenon. However, as a counterforce, multiple adoptions of sustainable green movements worldwide are continually attempting alternate resolutions to preserve nature. As the tourism industry grows, ecotourism, for instance, is a specific eco-friendly approach that asserts minimizing human impacts and conserving captivating nature, improving the livelihood of local communities, and involving interpretation and education. A demi-decade ago, Saudi Arabia’s 2030 vision (the post-oil plan) was launched to diversify its GDP and develop public service sectors such as tourism. This thesis investigates the relationship between architecture and the possibilities of ecotourism principles, besides the governmental program, under multiple tourism indicators along the untouched Aseer shoreline, which has valuable attractions and amenities; it is faced with several issues, including informal planning, limited infrastructure, and low-income community. We built a suggested project based on a collection of written materials on the area’s environmental and culturally diverse aspects and case studies; architecture-to-ecotourism is thriving, but there is still potential for methodological development. The thesis findings demonstrate that architecture can immensely contribute to sustainable development through the ecotourism concept and can have a tangible impact on the project. Simultaneously, architecture, through ecotourism, is successful by improving the economic aspect of the host societies, reducing environmental consequences, and strengthening heritage identity. This research needs further studies on the correlation, which remains highly debated, between architecture and ecotourism norms to sustain nature.
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Title: PREDICTING AND SIMULATING OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT-BASED HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Creator: Khan, Zahida Marzaban
Date: 2022
Description: Rapid urban growth due to a constant rise in world population has amplified the need for sustainable design development of cities. Human...
Show moreRapid urban growth due to a constant rise in world population has amplified the need for sustainable design development of cities. Human behavior, a key performance metric of sustainable design, can be rewarding for urban policies and city planning. Due to its complex nature, human behavior prediction and simulation are increasingly challenging. Complexity is associated with multiple factors, among which social and environmental factors are critical, especially in urban conditions with tall buildings that create unique microclimates. Human behavior in this study referred to human spatial behavior. This research hypothesized that the microclimatic variations at seasonal and diurnal levels affect people’s behavior in outdoor urban environments. Additionally, interdisciplinary crossover studies on novel methodologies to predict human behavior is becoming popular. Moreover, architects and urban designers are interested in human behavior simulation tools that can help them make informed design decisions through ‘what-if’ scenarios and assess their designs before execution. This doctoral research investigated the inter-relationship between Outdoor Thermal Comfort (OTC), human behavior, and urban morphology for Plazas in urban conditions with tall buildings and within a specific climate zone. The study focused on two overarching objectives: (1) to present a novel research methodology to investigate and predict OTC-based human behavior in urban conditions; and (2) to develop HuBeSIM - a human behavior simulation framework using an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate OTC integrated human behavior in outdoor spaces. Daley Plaza – an urban public space built-in 1965 in downtown Chicago — was used as (1) a case study to test the feasibility of this research methodology and (2) a pilot study to demonstrate the HuBeSIM framework. The outcome of this study shows a significant impact in the outdoor urban environments with design goals that use human behavior as a key performance indicator. The research contributes to the modeling and simulation of OTC-based human behavior in urban environments to nurture livable communities and sustainable cities. The first part of the dissertation presented a novel research methodology involving data collection through an on-site observational study for behavioral mapping, and microclimatic CFD simulations for OTC index - Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). The sample data consisted of two seasons, namely summer and fall, with more than 600 observations collected during the three-hour lunchtime period. The second part of the dissertation involved developing a Human Behavior SIMulation (HuBeSIM) framework in the popular computer aided design platform Rhino® and Grasshopper® (GH). This part integrated OTC using physics-based modeling and human behavior using mathematical agent-based modeling to develop a simulation framework for outdoor urban space design. The findings from the observational study revealed a moderate relationship between microclimate and human behavior in the fall, and a weak correlation in summer. The results showed that people’s behavior is not affected by PET values above 35°C. The proposed Human Behavior SIMulation framework has a high potential to develop into a comprehensive model by incorporating other behavioral factors. This study contributes to the sustainable built environment design that leads to the environmental, social, and economic upliftment of a city.
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Title: The Feasibility of Double-Skin Façades to Provide Natural Ventilation in Tall Office Buildings
Creator: Kim, Yohan
Date: 2022
Description: Many tall office buildings (i.e., buildings of or taller than 656 ft (200 m)) are on the rise around the world. The energy efficiency and...
Show moreMany tall office buildings (i.e., buildings of or taller than 656 ft (200 m)) are on the rise around the world. The energy efficiency and healthy environment of tall office buildings has become an important concern, given the current environmental challenges and health considerations. Natural ventilation has proven to be an effective passive strategy in improving energy efficiency and providing healthy environments given environmental challenges. However, such a strategy has not been commonly adopted to tall office buildings that traditionally rely on single-skin façades (SSFs), due to the high wind pressure that creates excessive air velocities and occupant discomfort at upper floors. Double-skin façades (DSFs) can provide an opportunity to facilitate natural ventilation in tall office buildings, as the fundamental components such as the additional skin and openings create a buffer to regulate the direct impact of wind pressure and the airflow around the buildings. Wind-driven natural ventilation has not been fully studied in DSFs as most previous studies focused on the stack effect. Moreover, the studies assumed that the indoor spaces are mechanically ventilated without regard to airflow behavior between the air cavities and the indoor spaces. This study investigates the impact of modified multi-story type DSFs on indoor airflow in a 60-story, 780-foot (238 m) naturally ventilated tall office building under isothermal conditions. Therefore, the performance of wind effect related components was assessed based on the criteria (e.g., air velocity and airflow distribution), with respect to opening size, number of openings per floor, cavity depth, and cavity segmentation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was utilized to simulate outdoor airflow around the tall office building, and indoor airflow at various heights in case of various DSF configurations. Two sequential CFD simulations were carried out not only to reduce computational time, but also to comprehensively analyze the impact of DSFs responding to positive and negative wind pressures on indoor airflow behavior. The CFD simulation results indicate that the outer skin opening is the more influential parameter than the others on indoor airflow behavior. On the other hand, variations of inner skin opening size help improve the indoor airflow, with respect to the desired air velocity and distributions. Despite some air vortexes observed in the indoor spaces, cross ventilation can occur as positive pressure on the windward side and negative pressure on the other sides generate a productive pressure differential. The results also demonstrate that DSFs with smaller openings suitably reduce not only the impact of wind pressure, but also the concentration of high air velocity near the windows on the windward side, compared to single-skin façades. Further insight on indoor airflow behaviors depending on various DSF configurations leads to a better understanding of the DSF design strategies for effective natural ventilation in tall office buildings. This study aims to develop a performance-based DSF design guideline to assist architects in their design of DSF components in the early design stage.
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Title: APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATED DESIGN METHODOLOGIES: HYBRID AUTOMATION OF DESIGN SEQUENCING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON COMPLEX DESIGN PROJECTS
Creator: Elshanshoury, Waleed Farouk Omar
Date: 2020
Description: After the early development of Sketchpad in 1963 by Ivan Sutherland at MIT, the first system permitted drawing geometries parametrically;...
Show moreAfter the early development of Sketchpad in 1963 by Ivan Sutherland at MIT, the first system permitted drawing geometries parametrically; computation and algorithm aided design have significantly influenced the design practice. Computation and AAD are design approaches in which the medium of expression is logic instead of geometry. These approaches raised the curtain to various utilities, including but not limited to form-finding, automation, optimization, and robotic fabrication. Computational design and algorithm aided design are becoming fundamental approaches in most design practices because of their capability to solve complex problems.This thesis begins with a timeline presenting the evolution in design derivers and manifests how designers considered ideal design throughout history. This timeline starts with architecture approaches in ancient times when beauty, durability, and functions were the first principles to identify good architecture. It ends with the creation of computational technologies, which affected the design process and its logic. It will also investigate relations between software engineering and building design, where both fields intertwine with each other in general methodologies.This research examines how computation can generate integrated design systems to approach city planning and architectural design. IDS employs data, forces, and algorithms to construct a design system instead of solid geometries. This system combines the different design processes and chronological phases in interconnected blocks. This approach manages big data and assists in decision-making using automation, optimization, and machine learning technologies.This paper examines existing precedents, applications, and design projects that utilize IDS, including form-finding, materials, and energy. It will establish how evaluation criteria, simulations, solution optimizations, and processes automation play a vital role in integrated design systems. IDS is a dynamic workflow centered on principles and consists of components and aiding tools. This research explores technological aiding tools for these systems that help increase design performance and efficiencies using voice commands and automated functions.
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Title: Health and Well-Being Benefits of Different Types of Urban Green Spaces (UGS): A Cross-Sectional Study of Communities in Chicago, U.S.
Creator: Kang, Liwen
Date: 2023
Description: There are three main interrelated areas of focus in this doctoral research related tourban green spaces (UGS): general well-being, mental and...
Show moreThere are three main interrelated areas of focus in this doctoral research related tourban green spaces (UGS): general well-being, mental and physical health. In this study, these three different health aspects were analyzed separately. The data of these three health outcomes were collected from the Healthy Chicago Survey (HCS), an annual telephone survey that interviewed adults in Chicago, U.S., based on the randomly selected addresses.Urban green spaces have been associated with better health and well-being. Theyprovide sites for physical activity, buffer air and noise pollution, and alleviate thermal discomfort. Urban green spaces also promote social interaction and increase social cohesion. However, research is limited on the health benefits of different types of UGS exposure. This research aimed to reveal the associations between the provision of different UGS types and urban residents’ general, mental, and physical health in Chicago, the third-largest city in the U.S.Urban green spaces data were collected from the National Land Cover Database(NLCD), the Meter-Scale Urban Land Cover (MULC), and the Chicago Park District (CPD). Different types of UGS were obtained, namely 1) the percent tree canopy cover (TCC) from the first database; 2) the percentage of trees and the percentage of grass from the second database; and 3) the number of parks, park areas, percentage of park areas from the third database. Using hierarchical and logistic regression models that controlled for a range of confounding factors (age, gender, race, education level, employment status, and poverty level), this study assessed which type of UGS affects general well-being, mental health, and physical health, respectively. The results indicated that increased park area was significantly associated with better perceived general health; higher percent of TCC was significantly associated with a lower level of psychological distress (PD); and increased percentage of park areas and increased number of parks were associated with lower odds of being obese. Two micro-scaled on-site observations were conducted in the Avalon Park community and the Loop community to analyze some other UGS characteristics besides quantity and availability. Other characteristics of UGS, such as quality of facilities, attractiveness, and maintenance, are suggested to be taken into consideration for future studies. The study highlights that different UGS types have various impacts on general, mental, and physical health of urban residents. By providing scientific evidence, this study may help policymakers, urban planners, landscape architects, and other related professionals to make informed decisions on maximizing the health benefits of UGS and to achieve social equity. The findings of this study may be applied to other metropolitan cities.
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Title: Students International House
Creator: Peterhans, Brigitte 1928-2021
Date: 1961

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