Page Four Discuss ‘Weialing’ on First or (Evil Engineering Series Grinter, Bil—Judson Talk on X-Ray Tests The first of a new series of educa- tional broadcasts concerned with the field of civil engineering and spin. sored by Armour Institute of Tech- nology, was prcscntcd March 12, over Station WCFL, at 7:00 o'clock by Alexander Schreibcr. The scientific interpreter. The subject of the eve- ning’s broadcast, “Welding.” was dis- cussed by Dr. L. E. Grinter, director of the Department of Civil Engineer~ ing and Dean of the Graduate Divi- sion, and Mr. W. M. Simpson, also of the Department of Civil Engineering at Armour. Mr. Simpson reviewed Chicago's New Building Code which was passed last November by the City Council. When the code goes into effect, it will be legally possible to weld important structures in Chicago. The general specifications of the code cites the materials to be welded, the severity of atmosphere conditions permissible during welding, such as rain and wind, and the precautions which must be taken during: objectionable atmospheric conditions. The code also specifies the allowable stresses. both in the materials to be welded, and in the weld itself, and also the method of testing welds. Test by X-Rays Dr. Grinter discussed the various tests which must be made on wtldcd constructions before it is approved by the city engineers. At least 3 per cent of the welds in important mem— bers must be tested before the steel is enclosed in concrete or any other fire-proofing medium. These weld tests are actually made on the job. The test loading is one and one-half times the loads which the structures will later how: to why Structural engineers today can product joints in structural steel by weldingr that are fully as strong as those produced by riveting. A weld can easily be made stronger than the actual material that is welded, where— as a riveted joint will usually break in the rivets. The, trend is definitely to replace light riveted structures with welded ones. Explained City Regulations There are two types of processes commonly used in welding today. They are: electric arc welding and gas welding. In both processes, the object is to heat the metals to be welded, at the same time to add addi- tional molten metal and then allow the weld to cool so that all parts are handed firmly together. The differ- ence between the two methods is that gas or oxy-acctylcne welding sup- plies heat by the combustion of acety- lene and oxygen; whereas in the case of electric welding, the heat required to melt the steel is obtained from the electric arc. The metal rod, used as an electrode, melts away to supply the additional metal necessary which is carried across the electric are on minute liquid drops. The rods are coated with a material which guards the weld from the atmosphere by pro- ducing a gaseous envelope around both the weld and the arc. Other~ wise, the nitrogen and oxygen from the air would be absorbed in the weld and make it brittle. Use Electric Arc and Gas in order to determine just how safe a weld is, the process of x-ray« ing welds is being used. The rays are passed through the metal and they affect a photographic plate placed on the far side. Flaws such as slag, nitrogen, or oxygen pockets are indi' cated by tiny spots so minute that they are almost invisible. Next Saturday evening, Alexander Schreiber will present another in this series of applied scientific broadcasts sponsored by the Institute. David Baker, Arch. ’38, Wins 1st Medal For Second Time Winning the Beaux Arts’ class A competition for the second time, David Baker, Arch. ’38, becomes the only architectural student in Ar- mour’s history to ever win two first medals. The problem to be solved was “An Alumni Club.” The prob. lem for which Baker received his other first medal was “A Chalice for Antioch.” Baker also placed first in a Beaux Arts class B competition. He won on his solution to “A Bookstore." Registar’s @iticee Releases Averages; SchoolAverage ll, .44 (Continued from page one) Leading the Seniors in individual ratings is W. R. Marshall, chemical, with an average of 2.92. Marshall has been in the lead of all of his classes while at Armour. M. Eph- raim, mechanical, and A. M. Zarem, electrical, are tied for first honors in the Junior Class with 2.94. G. J. Dcrrig, mechanical, who alternated with Zarem for first place in past se- mesters came in second with 2.93, just one fractional point behind the leaders. R. S. Kohn, mechanical, leads the sophomore class with an average of 2.84, the first average be— low 2.90 to lead any class in the last five semesters for which records have been reviewed. M. Camras, electri— cal, leads the Freshman Class with a perfect score of 3.00. The first ten in individual stand ings of the Senior Class and their averagcs are as follows: Marshall, H. R., Ch.E.. . . .’2.{)2 Wagner, E. F.. Ch.E. . . .290 Anderson, N. K., (311.13. .288 Gamson, B. W., Ch.E. . 2.88 Johnson, S. J., C.E.. . . . .2.81 Schlax, W. F., C.E. . . .2.77 .2.76 .2.72 Kiefcr, W. M., ENE. .. .265 Schricbcr. A. N., M.E ...... 2.63 Of the 116 Seniors in the class, 37 of them averaged 2.00 or better. The first twelve in the Junior Class and their averages are as follows: Ephraim, M., M.E ......... 2.94 Zarcm, A. M., E.E ......... 2.94 Dcrrig', G. J., M.E ......... 2.93 Jacobson, D. W.. F.P.E ..... 2.82 Loutzcnhciscr, E. J., Ch.E..2.76 Yeaklc, T. “7., l“.l’.E ....... 2.74 Wagner, W. A., Arch ....... 2.69 Moculeski, S. J., Ch.E ...... 2.63 Poitier, P. J., car. ........ 2.47 Jaii‘ce, R. 1., Chi; ...... Anthon, H. S.., C.E ......... 2.45 Ephraim and ancm are tied for first. .latl'cc and Anthon for tenth. 0f the 166 Juniors in the class, 30 of them averaged 2.00 or better. The fraternity averages indicate that the standing of their students compared well with the general over- uge of all other students. The over- age of the fraternities which own 01' rent their own chapter house is 1.40. Those of all other students is 1.45. The honorary scholastic fraternity's averages are of course generally higher. Phi Lambda Upsilon leads the list with 2.58. Tau Beta Pi is a close second with 2.53. Sigma Alpha Mu leads the social fraternities by a large margin with the average of 2.12. Having the highest average oi all social fraternities for the last three years allows Alpha Sigma Mu to retain the scholarship trophy. The complete fraternity averages and classifications were released as fol- lows: Honorary Fraternitiea (Scholastic) Phi Lambda Upsilon ...... 2.58 and Tau Beta Pi ........ . .253 Chi Epsilon . . .2.37 Salamander . . . 2.35 Pi Tau Sigma . . . . . .226 Eta Kappa Nu ........... 2.17 Honorary Fraternities (Nonchholastic) Sphinx ................. 2.01 Pi Nu Epsilon ........... 1.81 Professional Fraternities Alpha Chi Sigma ........ 2.05 Scarab ................. 1.64 Social Fraternities Sigma Alpha Mu ......... 2.12 Theta Xi ............ . 1.65 Rho Delta Rho .1.61 Triangle . . . . . 1.54 Phi Kappa Phi . . . .1.51 Delta Tau Delta . .1.48 Phi Pi Phi ....... .1.24 Phi Kappa Sigma ........ 1.22 The averages computed are weighted averages. The letter grades are assigned numerical values as fol- lows: A equals 3 grade points, B equals 2 grade points, C equals 1 grade point, D equals 0 grade points, and E equals 0 grade points. The averages are computed by taking the sum of each grade point multiplied by the corresponding number of se» mester hours, the total being divided by the number of semester hours credit. In computing averages, grades in Physical Training are omitted. A credit (C12) for work at other institutions is considered equiv- alent to 1 grade point if the student’s scholastic standing for work at Ar- mour is below 2 grade points, 1 to 1.5 if equal to or more than 2, and to 2 if equal to, or greater than, 2.5. ARMOUR TECH NEWS Armour to Be Host April 67 ‘Poiarized Light’ Discussed at A.!.E.E. Joint Meeting at “Eye ’ Meeting Wednesday Wednesday, April 6th, is the date set for the joint meeting of student electrical engineers of Armour Tech, Lewis Institute and Northwestern University, This meeting, to be held at Armour, is sponsored by the Ar- mour branch of the A. I. E. E. In- vitations have been extended to the entire Chicago section of the Amer~ ican Institute of Electrical Engiw neers. As yet no definite plans have been made, but J. Sodaro, chairman of the affair, expects to offer a program consisting of a dinner, followed by several student talks. and concluding with an open house in the electrical laboratories Students from Lewis and Northwestern have been invited to take part in the program. It is ex- pected that the program will begin at about six in the evening The men in charge of the various program details arc: W. J. Laise, rc- ception; R. E. Worcester, dinner; G. M. Ives, studsnt talks; I. Gebel, laboratory work. R. M. Ansel, A. I. E. E. treasurer, is in charge of finan- cial arrangements, and A. M. Zaren is publicity chairman. Copyright 1938. LIGGETT 84 Mvsas Tomcco Co. A meeting of the Armour Eye took place at 12:20 p.m. last Wednesday, March 9. the club‘s new studio, located on the fourth floor of Chopin Hall, second The meeting was held in entrance. The topic of the meeting was “Pol- arized Light.” A projector to show slides on the subject, was operated Robert Grunwuld described slides as they appeared on the screen. Questions pertaining; to the subject were discussed later by members of the club and two ardent camera fans of our faculty: Mr. Van Atta and Mr. Hammett. Prints 8x10 inches or preferably 11x14 inches mounted on 16x20 inch mounts will be accepted from any Armourite [or the Open House Night Salon. It has been suggested that night school students form an auxiliary branch of the Armour Eye. The dark rooms and studios could be used dun» by Peter Stanley. was the narrator who ‘ ing the evening. M. ii. Kingery finely/ties at W52? Meeting At last Friday‘s WHSE. meeting, the guest speaker, M. R. Kingery, re— vealed that for every thousand people in Chicago, four acres of land, and five hundred feet of business building frontage are required for industry and business. These were only a few of the many interesting facts revealed by Mr. Kingery, who is director of the Chicago Regional Planning Board. The topic of his speech was “Future Planning Problems in the Chicago Area." One of the main problems of the Chicago board is to provide parks for the city. Ten acres of park grounds is considered necessary for every thousand persons in a commu- nity, but Chicago has an extremely low figure 01' 1.7 acres per thousand inhabitants. The average for this re- gion is 0.6 acres, but Mr. Kingei‘y believes Chicago can never have over live acres per thousand. Highways were also discussed. In 1924, 1,700 miles of pavement existed in this region, only two miles of which were over 18 feet wide. In 1937, these miles of highways in~ creased to more than 4,000, of which Tuesday, March l5, V938 W'oman’s Mathematics Club Sponsors Poster Contest A mathematics poster contest is being sponsored by the Women’s Mathematics Club of Chicago and vi~ cinity. The subject of the posters should be the correlation of mathe» matics to daily life, or any subject in the curriculum. The poster will be exhibited at Mandel Brothers from May fourteenth to May twenty-third. A committee of qualified judges will choose the best one and a tuition award of $100 at the Ray School of Commercial Art will be awarded the wmncr. The posters. should be made on poster board 22x28 inches in size. All those desiring to enter the competi- tion should deliver their entries to the Women’s Club Bureau at Mandel B"others bet May ninth. over 800 miles were four-lane or wider, with seven super-highways in Chicago. The highways were built as a result of suggestions by the Chi— cago Regional Planning Board. At a short business meeting pre‘ seeding the speech, the Society cle- cidcd to hold a splash party within the near future and a committee was selected for the affair. Weir. .J . weir. . . that’s the wotchwom’ for Chesterfield tobacco? Here’s the reason so many smokers like Chesterfields . . . Thousands of casks of mild ripe Chesterfield tobacco are kept in stor- age all the omen-every pound of it aged 2 years or more to give Chestu ‘ erfield smokers more pleasure. e . fdeyyffiarbe gainer areas The mild ripe tobeCCOSMhome—grown and aromatic Tzirleishwmzd the pore cigarette paper used in Chesterfields are the best ingredients a cigarette can have. They Satisfi.